In today's context of strong competition among organizations and rapid changes in business surroundings, the organizations really need to start thinking about improving their performance, especially in knowledge intensive processes such as New Product Development. Business Process Management and Knowledge Management can represent organization's strategic resources to the extent in which they are viewed as a base of success or failure, but they need to be supported by synergic systems that allow shaping the context in which knowledge is created and where knowledge can be re-used. Managing the explicit definition of the NPD processes and its resources allows the regulation of reusable "process knowledge," the achievement of standardization, the improvement of best practice reuse, the improvement of time/cost efficiency, and the support of workers in the retrieval of knowledge resources suitable to conduct the product development activities. Thus, the aim of the chapter is to study how to best support companies in the collection and organization of process knowledge in the domain of their new product development, and to present an NPD process knowledge management framework which, starting from BPM approaches and its related technologies, allows the building of the required knowledge for the product development process more effectively for users and stakeholders.

Modern engineering design optimization processes require an increasing distribution of calculation activities between distributed collaborating teams, laboratories, Universities and companies. The aerospace industry has an increasing need to establish efficient Collaborative Frameworks between partners with the aim at reducing design redundancies and accelerating the required design optimization loops, moving the focus from separated centres towards a strongly connected innovation network. This paper will present an Italian collaborative innovation network involving Avio S.p.a. and his two university research centres Great Lab and ePaintLab. The scenario presented is focused on the collaborative network set-up aiming at addressing advanced multi-disciplinary design optimization strategies supporting next generation of jet engine subsystems design.

This paper will focus on a method for evaluating the ship equilibrium point via the On Board Stability System (OBSS) module. Starting from the exact 3D geometry of ship hull, described by a discrete model in a standard format, distribution of all weights onboard and data acquired by the system, OBSS calculates the ship floating condition using a FEA-like method (Finite Elements Analysis). Results of this paper represent the joint efforts of the public-private partnership in being between Centro Cultura Innovativa d'Impresa (CCII) of University of Salento, Apphia s.r.l. and Avio S.p.A.

Product lifecycle management (PLM) is a strategic and holistic approach for the management of information, processes, and resources supporting the entire product lifecycle from concept to disposal. Several systems are available to manage data and information during the lifecycle. A PLM system does not have to be considered as a unique solution, but as a set of software supporting different perspectives and activities related to the lifecycle management. A full comprehensive implementation of PLM systems is rare. Since PLM reflects the peculiarities of processes and data structures, implementation differences are evidently observable among companies. The design of methods and tools supporting an assessment of PLM implementation inside a company can enable a correct definition of PLM strategies and goals. Based on these premises, the paper aims to specify a methodology for carrying out a gap analysis of PLM with the scope of discovering existing technological and methodological gaps, and planning actions for improvement. The proposed methodology implements a visual and lean reference model, and an assessment questionnaire for data collection. Lesson learned and feedback from three industrial applications are also described and discussed.

Technology foresight has an important role for companies and institutions for make predictions and defines drivers to be leveraged and scenarios to be implemented. Foresight become more relevant in case of organizations working in the development of complex products. The Italian project KHIRA wants to innovate the product design processes using and customizing emerging technologies and providing a unique point of access to all the relevant knowledge for the designers. Several methodologies and technologies are developed in the project KHIRA included a foresight strategy. Based on this assumption, the paper proposes a technological foresight strategy suitable to merge contributions coming from the industrial and academic fields through a combinations of feedbacks and emerging trends. An application of the strategy has been performed to explore evolutions of PLM tools and systems. Reliability and Replication of the strategy are guaranteed trough a careful definition of each step.

The operational complexity of modern ships requires the use of advanced applications, called damage control systems (DCSs), able to assist crew members in the effective handling of dangerous events and accidents. In this article we describe the development of a knowledge-based decision support system (KDSS) integrated within a DCS designed for a national navy. The KDSS uses a hybrid design and runtime knowledge model to assist damage control operators through a kill card function which supports damage identification, action scheduling and system reconfiguration. We report a fire fighting scenario as illustrative application and discuss a preliminary evaluation of benefits allowed by the system in terms of critical performance measures. Our work can support further research aimed to apply expert systems to improve shipboard security and suggest similar applications in other contexts where situational awareness and damage management are crucial. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

In the current competitive scenario, where business relationships are fundamental in building successful business models and inter/intra organizational business processes are progressively digitalized, an end-to-end methodology is required that is capable of guiding business networks through the Internetworked Enterprise (IE) paradigm: a new and innovative organizational model able to leverage Internet technologies to perform real-time coordination of intra and inter-firm activities, to create value by offering innovative and personalized products/services and reduce transaction costs. This chapter presents the TEKNE project Methodology of change that guides business networks, by means of a modular and flexible approach, towards the IE techno-organizational paradigm, taking into account the competitive environment of the network and how this environment influences its strategic, organizational and technological levels. Contingency, the business model, enterprise architecture and performance metrics are the key concepts that form the cornerstone of this methodological framework.

The need to cut off lead times, to increase the products innovation, to respond to changing customer requirements and to integrate new technologies into business process pushes companies to increase the collaboration. In particular, collaboration, knowledge sharing and information exchange in the Aerospace Value Network, need to a clear definition and identification of competencies of several actors. Main contractors, stakeholders, customers, suppliers, partners, have different expertise and backgrounds and in this collaborative working environment are called to work together in projects, programs and process. To improve collaboration and support the knowledge sharing, a competencies definition methodology and the related dictionary result useful tools among actors within an extended supply chain. They can use the same terminology and be informed on the competencies available. It becomes easy to specify who knows to do required activities stimulating collaboration and improving communication. Based on an action research developed in the context of the iDesign Foundation project, the paper outlines a competency definition methodology and it presents examples from the implementation in Alenia Aeronautica company. A new definition of competency is suggested supporting by a new method to specify the structural relationship between competencies and activities of aeronautical processes.

The aim of this paper is to present the main results arisen from the joint efforts of the public-private partnership in being between Centro Cultura Innovativa d’Impresa (CCII) of University of Salento and Avio S.p.A. This paper will focus on the results of the core of the On Board Stability System (OBSS) module that, starting from the exact 3D geometry of a ship hull, described by a discrete model in a standard format, the distribution of all weights onboard and the data acquired by the system, calculates ship asset.

The aim of this paper is to present the main results arisen from the joint efforts of the public-private partnership in being between Centro Cultura Innovativa d’Impresa (CCII) of University of Salento and Apphia s.r.l.. This paper will focus on the results of the core of the On Board Stability System (OBSS) module that, starting from the exact 3D geometry of a ship hull, described by a discrete model in a standard format, the distribution of all weights onboard and the data acquired by the system, calculates ship asset.

The aim of this paper is to present the main results arisen from the joint efforts of the public-private partnership in being between Centro Cultura Innovativa d’Impresa (CCII) of University of Salento and Apphia s.r.l.. This paper will focus on the results of the core of the On Board Stability System (OBSS) module that, starting from the exact 3D geometry of a ship hull, described by a discrete model in a standard format, the distribution of all weights onboard and the data acquired by the system, calculates ship asset.

A crucial application in naval field called Damage Control System (DCS) is the focus of this paper. DCS is an information-retrieval and equipment-control system that allows ship personnel to detect, analyze, and handle various types of situations which are hazardous for shipboard safety. The DCS is embedded in the Integrated Platform Management System (IPMS) and developed by researches of Apphia s.r.l. and CCII (Centro Cultura Innovativa d’Impresa) of University of Salento

This paper focuses on the development of a knowledge-based Decision Support System (DSS) or the management of the ship compartment integrated information that comprises real-time devices status and remote command, simple full-navigability on the topology of the ship by CAD drawings, operator actions sharing through Multifunction Console (MFCs), recorded video clip and others. The developed system allows sensible benefits in terms of reduced situational awareness and action time.

In the ACARE’s “Flightpath 2050 - Europe’s Vision for Aviation”, a declared objective is the seamlessly operation of the European air transport system through interoperable and networked systems allowing manned and unmanned air vehicles to safely operate in the same airspace. One of the crucial aim is to develop technological advances in civil applications and unmanned systems, in a more “designed to cost” and “electric” way. According to the above-mentioned vision, “occurrence and impact of human error is significantly reduced through new designs, training processes, technologies that support decision- making“. In addition, CTNA is starting to move in this direction, in order to develop innovative technologies for unmanned airplanes. This paper proposes a technological architecture for innovation on UAS (Unmanned Air Systems) piloting systems. The design of a UAS adopting a Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) platform as repository for data-mining and decision support system is discussed; the vision is to manage the autonomous capabilities of the vehicle, based both on previously simulated scenario and on real-time calculation, to adapt the behavior of the vehicle on the real operational scenario. A further step could be the collaborative evaluation of the real operational scenario trough the integration of autonomous vehicles that interact and exchange own real behavior data. To manage this big amount of data, it is necessary to grant access to design data, through the access to the above-mentioned PLM platform. The advantages of this methodology is implicit in the point of view from which we approach the PLM data repository: the Product Data Record, that gathers data coming from all the phases of the life cycle of UAS, enables an on-time centralized data management. It allows companies to operate on a single, synchronized source for all product data, improving integrity and reliability and decreasing time and cost.

The product design requires the interaction of several disciplines and the use of a wide set of PLM tools. They are used both to design the product elements and also, to manage product data and information that are generated. For company working as ETO (Engineering To Order), the complexity increases. Generally, customers requires a certification of the design process and a clear and formalized workflow of approval and validation. The paper describes a methodology for evaluating the use of PLM tools in the design process of products. The proposed methodology aims to be an objective tool able to catch information of the impact of ICT directly from the processes using them. Techniques specific of the Business Process Management discipline have been used. Phases and indicators of the methodology can be applied to analyze the product design process in different context.

This work aims to develop a novel BDI agent programming framework, which embeds the reasoning under uncertainty (probabilistic logic) and is capable of a realistic simulation of human reasoning. We claim that such a development can be addressed through the adoption of the mathematical and logical formalism derived from Quantum Mechanics: a scheme fulfilling the necessary requirements is described, useful for both the interpretation of some peculiarities in human behavior, and eventually the adoption of ‘quantum computing’ formalism for the agent programming. This last possibility could exploit the power of quantum parallelism in practical reasoning applications. Integration with the BDI paradigm enables the straightforward adoption of efficient learning algorithms and procedures, enhancing the behavior and adaptation of the agent to the environment.

This paper describes the ontologies and system architecture and implantation for a collaborative semantic search technological platform developed as part of integrated and virtually produced tools and functionalities for a collaborative and distributed working environment. This platform depends mainly on Latent semantic Indexing techniques and a set of evolving and integrated ontologies as underlying resource to retrieve shared knowledge documents according to the semantic correlations with the knowledge worker's queries. The ontologies used represent the knowledge of the domain as a set of concepts along with the relations among them and cover different related disciplines. The experimentation context for the platform is the new product development process in the aerospace industry.

The need for urban regeneration does not come only by structural requirements, but also by socio-cultural needs. What we are going to propose is the urban regeneration as a way to perceive, in a different way, the surrounding spaces allowing users to receive and provide a wide range of information on the urban environment. Each space of a city has a variety of intrinsic meanings provided by human groups interacting with each other everyday. The purpose is collecting the hidden information thanks to citizens' contribution. The objective is the involvement of citizens as "builders of sense" through a playful attitude as "builders of virtual cities", and using game based on motivation as impetus for the regeneration. Urban regeneration is innovative thanks to a new participatory and cooperative methodology based on the perception of every citizen, and on the collection of players' experiences.

Often, the generic business processes representation shows many differences compared to the flow of the real activities executed in relation to specific products/programs developed within an enterprise. From one side Business Process Modeling (BPM) provides a general process perspective of the enterprise, without taking in consideration temporal issues. From the other side, the product life cycle modeling allows to model the flow of activities, from the conceptualization until the disposal phase of specific product/programs. Neither of those views alone is entirely satisfactory to represent the stakeholders’ needs and to achieve superior business performance. This paper aims to overcome this limit, proposing a unified product-process modeling approach useful to link the product life cycle and the general business process modeling, maintaining at the same time, the differences and the consistency between the two representations. Guidelines and constraints in the set of features for a unified approach are suggested. Finally, a practical application related to a design activity of an aerospace company is implemented using Aris Ids Scheer.

The work presented in this paper concerns with the implementation of an advanced CAD integrated approach for shipboard damage control systems. The Damage Control Management System (DCMS) is a software module included in the Damage Control System (DCS), developed within the collaboration between CCII (Centro Cultura Innovativa d’Impresa) of University of Salento and Avio S.p.A..

The work presented in this paper concerns with the implementation of an advanced CAD integrated approach for shipboard safety control systems. The Damage Control Management System (DCMS) is a software module included in the Damage Control System (DCS), developed by the researchers of Apphia s.r.l. and CCII (Centro Cultura Innovativa d’Impresa) of University of Salento.

In the last century, the governance of public administrations has undergone a paradigm change. The emergence of public participation and transparent procedures, also enabled by Internet, open data and social media, has driven the introduction of a post-bureaucratic system which is flat, connected and flexible, with individual empowerment as a key to address environmental complexity. This new system should balance the trade-offs between creativity, innovation and flexibility needed to solve emerging societal challenges and the efficiency as a basis of sustainable competitiveness. In such scenario, this article aims to present the static (forms) and dynamic (flows) elements of an ambidextrous organizational model to be adopted by central administrations and public agencies. The model is designed to optimize four interconnected dimensions: Organizational, related to the mix of exploration and exploitation activities; Individual, related to empowerment as a foundation of people growth and organizational development; Inter-organizational, related to networks as a mean for new knowledge acquisition; and Decisional, related to the complex decision process which requires analytical tools. The model defined is applied as a pilot test to Apulia, a developing region in southern Italy with a population of 4 million inhabitants and a growing GDP and import-export performance. In particular, the study presents the actions required for the operationalization of ambidexterity. A matrix structure is presented that integrates competencies related to Project Management structures, Business Process Management Systems, Dynamic Policy Making, and Research and Innovation. The article also introduces the functional requirements for a Decision Support System aimed to measure regional performance and the ability to deliver hi-quality services. The paper contributes at both theoretical level, by expanding the discussion on organic rather than mechanic models as privileged organizational archetypes in dynamic and collaborative scenarios, and practitioner level, through the preliminary proof-of-concept adoption of a comprehensive techno-organizational system for public organizations.

The role of human resources has become a key factor for the success of an organization. Based on a research collaboration with an aeronautical company, the paper proposes a comparison of two different approaches for the reconstruction of a collaborative social network in the business realm: the use of traditional Social Network Analysis and novel statistical inference models. Both approaches were evaluated against data provided by the company, in order to scout the key people in the network and the knowledge-transfer processes. As a main outcome of this paper, it was found how the network reconstruction using statistical models has an increased robustness, as well as sensitivity, allowing to discover hidden correlations among the users.

This book gathers case studies presented at the International Conference on Responsible Research and Innovation in Science, Innovation and Society (RRI-SIS2017). It highlights European initiatives and projects in various domains and contexts, each of which explores how to create guidelines and good practices for Responsible Research and Innovation and how to promote them among citizens, industry stakeholders, policy and decision makers, research funders and educational institutions to foster their adoption as a potential benchmark in establishing RRI processes. Further, the book discusses gender and ethical issues, which are highly relevant for RRI initiatives in connection with representativeness, risks and in some cases, minority rights.

This study examines the University-Industry (UI) interface, in Triple Helix (TH) Model. In the era of Knowledge-based Economy, the Third Mission generates new value that depending from UI interface. New businesses, revealed with the Spin-offs creation, catalyzed by this interface, aims to commercialize the results coming from research activities. The purpose of this article is to understand features of an UI interface in order to support adequately the spin-off establishment and reduce the risk of not overcome the Death Valley. The study was conducted through direct interviews to 39 CEOs of the University of Salento' spin-offs. So, applying Social Network Analysis (SNA) and Sentiment Analysis (SA) techniques, four clusters of main emerged themes and the relative text sentiment were identified.

Cultural heritage is a complex and interconnected ecosystem requiring innovative methods and techniques to facilitate its management and valorization. From these assumptions, our research proposes a new, integrated and networked approach based on a three-level case study belonging to the archaeological context. In detail, the approach defines the lifecycle of an archaeological site, its processes and network analysis. It does this through the use of Business Process Management (BPM) and Social Network Analysis (SNA) techniques, taking the work of archaeologists at the Archeologia Ricerca e Valorizzazione s.r.l. (A.R.V.a) as a case study. The main objective of the approach is to provide valuable insights to optimize the flow of data, gather information and share knowledge created during the archaeological process, starting from lifecycle management and carrying on with the processes modelling and identification of roles and relationships among different stakeholders. The final aim is to improve the sustainable valorization of an archaeological site, facilitating value creation, strengthening the connections between culture and local development, and enabling a participatory governance of archeological heritage.

The development of a product requires the definition of its architecture and of its physical and functional elements that have to be assembled together to realize the new product. Functional elements are the set of operations and transformations necessary to reach the product performance while physical elements are related to parts, components and subassemblies and are established from the product concept or defined in the detailed design of the product. Functional elements are associated to one or more physical elements and together define the product architecture. [Ulrich and Eppinger 2008]. The design of the product architecture and of each physical elements is very critical in the development of a new product since a worst design will impact also on the product manufacturing and changes and stops in that phase requires higher costs for the companies. Therefore, accurately design the product, its physical elements and how to assembly them in the architecture, it’s a critical activity for the company. The product model including its architecture and physical elements, is realized in computer aided design (CAD) systems but also other systems (i.e. Computer Aided Technologies, CAX) are used to define engineering, manufacturing or testing data. In many companies, all the data generating by the CAD systems together with others product data (e.g. the bill of material - BOM) are integrated and available in PDM systems that store data and information about the product and its elements. They can be simple repository of information and the users manually search and access to the information required or can provide workflows and other tools to manage the product data. [Grieves 2006]. In the design of each physical element of a product, geometrical and dimensional values are established and for each value, the tolerance limits are forecasted and fixed. Tolerance limit are the upper and lower variation that a dimensional value can assume guarantying, however, a correct assembly of all the elements in the whole product. The tolerance limits depends from the type of materials or from the machines used to realize the product. Changes in a tolerance value have effect in the whole assembly generating a chain of changes. Therefore, the need to correctly define the tolerance limits is very high to guarantee yet in the design a correct assembly. The stack-up analysis is the technique used to evaluate the tolerance chain created joining the physical elements and it is used to verify if there are problems to realize the final assembly and therefore, if the elements could be joined in the desired product architecture. The geometrical and dimensional information are available on the product engineering drawings or in the model based definition (MBD) dataset of the product. The engineering drawings provide a 2D vision of the product with dimensional and geometrical information. MBD datasets have been developed to integrate in the 3D model the information available in the engineering drawings providing a complete file with both information. 400 DESIGN SUPPORT TOOLS The paper aims to describe the case of an Italian aerospace company, Avio S.p.A., and the stack-up tool realized to improve the whole tolerance analysis process. The company has met some problems in the management of the stack-up analysis due to the use of IT tools that have led to human errors in the calculus and further time for reaching the results. Based on ten-month activities of a team of university researchers and company engineers, a new stack-up tool has been developed, it is integrated in the company CAD (Siemens Nx) and PDM (Teamcenter Engineering) systems and it is currently used by the company designers. It has solved the company problems in the stack-up analysis providing a solution for the calculus of the stack-up analysis both from engineering drawings and MBD datasets. In the next

This paper presents a conceptual model to explore the knowledge integration (KI) practices of internal and external company actors involved in the New Product Development (NPD) process of the aerospace industry. The model is based on the linkage of elasticity principles, particularly Hooke’s Law, to Knowledge Management theory. KI practices are considered as a force pushing the NPD process and are metaphorically described as the spring addressed by Hooke’s law. The integration of the knowledge of internal and external company actors impacts NPD, reducing the dimensions of the whole process, in terms of phases, through the application of the concurrent engineering approach. The whole NPD process is improved in terms of the reduction of uncertainty and complexity, and with an ‘integrated energy’ that sustains the pressure of the fastchanging competitive environment. The model is explored to provide an interpretation of the conceptualisation phase of a new aerospace product development process. Qualitative data were collected and analysed. Insights regarding the applications of the model and the theoretical implications are also provided for applications in other industries.

Manufacturing companies need to acquire, analyze and share large amounts of information and data to sustain competitive advantage in complex environments. In the context of complex manufacturing, an increasing number of devices, sensors and people are connected to internal networks dramatically changing the ability to generate, communicate, share and access data. Therefore, the data volume has become so large that it cannot be processed using conventional methods. Many companies have dramatically boosted profits and have met consumer demands more proactively, by utilizing automated data collection to feed information into a big data analytics program. In the aerospace manufacturing sector, there is a growing need to consider Big Data solutions to add value to their business services and to optimize their internal production processes. Manufacturing data are an important source of knowledge that can be recorded from different data sources such as sensors and enterprise. The majority of this data are stream processed i.e., they are produced by analytics performed on “in-motion” data. A real-time predictive analysis can help detecting manufacturing anomalies thus improving the production processes and the quality of product. This paper aims to shortly describe the initial findings of an action research study performed in the aerospace industry pilot of the TOREADOR European project.

“Design for X” includes a set of techniques to realize the best product yet during the design avoiding re-works and loose of time and money. Among these, the design for assembly covers an important role and aims to design a product “thinking” to the physical assembling moment. Digital Mock-Up (DMU) is a process to enhance assembly feasibility and efficiency through specific design analysis and allow re-producing a product virtual assembling. Based on an action research based on a collaboration among company and university researchers, the paper aims to describe the development of a DMU application in a naval Italian aerospace company to improve a ship fuel system assembling. Technical features of the application are described.

This chapter presents the case study of the Avio Brindisi plant where a profound process of change has been in progress for a number of years. We use the TEKNE Project methodology of change to analyze the different aspects of the case, highlighting the firm’s strategic, organizational and technological characteristics and the environment it operates in. In particular, we envisage a change in the plant’s business model in response to the expansion of its client segments and a potential new approach to MRO operations based on advanced fleet management practices that would radically change the firm’s organization and value network with respect to its MRO service offering, thereby yielding extensive global market opportunities.

Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) have been associated many times in recent literature and the possibilities for their integration or to be mutually used as a source of lesson learned has been envisaged. The paper proposes to analyze, through a systematic literature review approach, the existing state of art of previous studies that has already examined relations between BIM and PLM. The main objective of the paper is to understand the real nature of BIM-PLM association for better directing future research developments.

The benefits of managing companies through a process-based approach are well recognized in the business literature and in many corporate contexts. However, there is a limited discussion on how to practically design and develop an organization based on processes. This paper aims to address this relative ‘gap’ in the literature by presenting the case of a recent international joint venture in the regional jet industry. In the following paper, we present a story of organization design based on the identification and description of the core process model of the company, with a specific focus on customer service activities. Based on interviews and direct observation at the field site, this paper shows the main steps undertaken to define the process taxonomy levels and to describe process elements, along with a discussion of the relationships with the business model components of the company. The paper provides practical value as it provides practical insights relating to the start-up of a new company driven by a process-based approach.

The aerospace industry is characterized by an intensive net of relationships and information in the supply chain. The small and medium enterprises (SMEs) working for this kind of industry needs to be innovative and adopt information and communication technologies (ICT) tools to work with bigger companies. This paper explore three networks of relations (i.e. complete, R&D, and production) inside an aerospace cluster of SMEs located in Italy with the aims to specify dynamics in the ICT adoption and innovation rising. The centrality in the R&D network emerges as key characteristics to explore innovation and ICT in such firms.

The problem and implications of community detection in networks have raised a huge attention, for its important applications in both natural and social sciences. A number of algorithms has been developed to solve this problem, addressing either speed optimization or the quality of the partitions calculated. In this paper we propose a multi-step procedure bridging the fastest, but less accurate algorithms (coarse clustering), with the slowest, most effective ones (refinement). By adopting heuristic ranking of the nodes, and classifying a fraction of them as ‘critical’, a refinement step can be restricted to this subset of the network, thus saving computational time. Preliminary numerical results are discussed, showing improvement of the final partition.

The introduction of ICT in the tourism sector has had a significant impact on competitiveness that goes way beyond the traditional approach of mere conservation of cultural heritage. Innovative methods in the cultural sector can be useful for tackling the organizational problems and critical issues that affect operators in the various phases of a guided tour. This study analyses the opportunities for the tourism sector and Intangible Cultural Heritage arising from approaches such as Business Process Management (BPM) and Product Lifecycle Management (PLM). These models, already in place in many areas of the industrial sector, could easily be extended to the tourism and cultural sectors. The purpose is to extrapolate a meta-model able to manage the organizational variables and critical issues emerging in the evolution of cultural routes. The model will provide guidelines to the backend unit that organizes guided tours and various kinds of event. This aspect is key to the success of replicable events because it provides a Management Information System that supports future planning with historical data. The management model investigated was applied to a specific case study: “The Ways to Jerusalem: Maritime, Cultural and Pilgrimage Routes, an itinerary of cultural and spiritual interest”.

Cultural events are an important driver of socio-cultural-economic transformation. The growth of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) has affected the ways in which people can play an active role in cultural event management and urban planning. This work proposes a methodological approach that identifies the key elements for building bottom-up urban e-planning strategies. After a brief theoretical analysis of the impact of cultural activities, tourism and ICTs on urban planning, this paper presents the results of an empirical study carried out in the Puglia region (south of Italy) during the cultural event known as “La Notte della Taranta”, in which the crowd created added-value information via comments posted on social media. Data were collected using a mobile application specifically created for this event as part of the Folkture project, as well as from Facebook and Twitter posts. Using network-analytic and sentiment/semantic algorithms, the work aims to support the event management decisional process and produce results valuable to the field of urban planning.

A crucial application in naval field called Damage Control System (DCS) is the focus of this paper. DCS is an information-retrieval and equipment-control system that allows ship personnel to detect, analyze, and handle various types of situations which are hazardous for shipboard safety. The DCS is embedded in the Integrated Platform Management System (IPMS) and developed by researches of, Apphia s.r.l., CCII (Centro Cultura Innovativa d'Impresa) of University of Salento and Avio S.p.A.

Product lifecycle management (PLM) has become more important in companies providing technologies and methodologies to manage data, information, and knowledge along the whole product lifecycle. In recent years, several authors have argued about PLM using a managerial or a technological view. The paper analyses these studies and integrates different author's points of view using focus groups, blogs, and face-to-face meetings in a university community of practice. Three sets of features (i.e., managerial, technological, and collaborative ones) have been used to review the existing definitions shared between academic and industrial ones and to propose an extended PLM definition describing its key concepts. The paper is a useful reference for managers and academics who want to have a clear and critical understanding of PLM using a unique source to collect lines of evidence on several PLM definitions, features, and concepts.

Product lifecycle management has to be related to a business approach that requires IT solutions and also organizational changes in order to produce the desired effects. Different aspects (product data, people, processes, organization, IT technologies) needs to be integrated together for the achievement of a competitive advantage for the company. PLM needs of operational tools that can support the implementation of the theoretical principles. In particular, as extensively studied in the literature, company needs frameworks to refer for guiding the implementation of PLM initiatives and to support improvement actions. Based on an action research, the paper wants to describe the development and application of a PLM framework in Ansaldo Energia, an Italian leader energy company. The framework is product-centred and focused on processes and related IT systems. It allows to diffuse knowledge and culture on products lifecycle inside the company. Indications for the framework development in the ARIS Software AG are also provided.

The complexity in engineering processes of high technology companies needs to carefully and efficiently manage the human resources competences dedicated to the related activities. Focus on an Italian aerospace company, Alenia Aeronautica, the paper wants to illustrate the use of set theory in order to represent objects, rules and indexes of the competence management methodology. This mathematical formalism allows to easily represent the complexity of this context and to guide the implementation of a future competence management system (CMS). In addition, the use of an algebraic approach allows the implementation of a competence management information system that may be customized to any industrial context. In addition, this flexible structure can be easily modified to respond to a continuously changing competence scenario related to the business environment.

New Product Development process requires increasing innovation in order to reduce time-to-market and cost and to improve product quality. Products are realized by following a lifecycle made of phases and activities, related to each other, managed by many actors inside and outside the company and characterized by moments of verification and review of the work performed. In this scenario, a critical activity is the Review of the work performed. One of the most critical aspects is the retrieving of the right data, at the right moment and as quickly as possible, in order to avoid wrong decisions. The paper proposes a methodological framework and a technological environment to support the integration of the different information sources of a company. The objective of the project is the development of an innovative Virtual Review process for companies that develops complex products. The specific objectives of the project can be summarized with three concepts: conceptualization, comparison and collaboration. An integrated and modular solution, named VIEW VIrtual Environment Workbench, has been designed and implemented adopting IC.IDO as DMU software and Exalead for dashboarding. The results is a workbench where users can retrieve all desired information by easily selecting the 3D ITEMs under review (components, assemblies, systems) and can require the visualization of information in the form of dashboards. The aggregation of all the product-related information, in a single environment, facilitates decision-making so that the fulfilment of the project requirements is reached; in this way it is possible to operate at the right time and in the most appropriate manner, with considerable reduction of the time and cost of development and industrialization

In Construction Industry sector, an innovative approach called Building Information Modeling (BIM) is emerging as a new method to manage the whole building life cycle through a parametric informative virtual model. Compared to Product Lifecycle Management (PLM), a holistic approach widespread and consolidated in the manufacturing sector, the BIM use in maintenance phase represents a unexpressed potentiality. Against this background the paper presents a qualitative investigation into the current building heritage processes management in a French real estate company. To close the gap of traditional process, the case study proposes the digitalization of company operations in a Building Lifecycle Management (BLM) environment, resulting by the integration of the PLM and BIM approaches.

Assembly activities represent a crucial phase of new product development processes. The identification of potential assembly issues early in the design stage can thus allow companies to save time and cost of successive manufacturing phases. In such context, this article analyses the potential of digital mock-up (DMU) to enhance assembly feasibility and efficiency through specific design analysis. In particular, it is here showed the development of a DMU process and its integration with design for assembly (DFA) procedures at a large Italian company. The article illustrates the application to a ship fuel system and discusses the main benefits achieved by the company in terms of reduced assembly time, re-works, number of special tools used and incorrect assemblies.

Improving processes in a company starts from a deep knowledge of the current context, of the needs of improvement and of the objectives to be satisfied. Sometimes, traditional processes can benefits from a techno-organizational innovation that change the way of work introducing new routines and solutions. A kind of business process not widely explored is the Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul (MRO) that is performed using practice linked with the story of components involved. The new available technologies and the need for competitiveness can lead to transform and innovate this kind of process introducing changes in organizational and technological aspects. This paper aims to describe the experience of innovation in the flow of activities and information of the MRO process of aeronautical components. It is based on an action research involving University’s researchers and industrial engineers for a period of one year. The developed solutions, the applied approach together with benefits and expected impacts are described in the paper for leading future activities in the managerial and academia fields.

Globalization and new technologies are forcing firms to adopt continuous processes of change. Change Management has become a widespread discipline within firms because it allows to manage change in the best possible way and to prevent drastic consequences that could lead the company into failures. Within change management, knowledge management and impact analysis allow managers from one side to find and extract information and from the other-one to make ex-ante evaluations by identifying critical factors of failure, formulating recovery plans, and estimating potential benefits deriving from technological investments, organizational changes or future strategic choices. Starting from these consideration our research aims to create a methodology and a dashboard of analysis in order to support managers in making an accurate and realistic impact analysis with specific reference to the introduction of new ICTs within a business environment. This paper shows the preliminary results of a work-in-progress research. The research has been conducted through a mixed approach: a desk study (analysis and systematization of state of the art) and a field analysis through four case studies identified by a pool of experts (Community of practice) in order to define the methodology and the tools for the dashboard of analysis.

This paper presents a conceptual model supporting the need for improving the integration of knowledge from internal and external company’s actors during the process of development of new aerospace product. The model is based on the elasticity principles linked to the organizational theory. The knowledge integration practices are seen as a force pushing the NPD process. Starting from the Hooke's law, the force based on the integration of knowledge within and outside a company impacts on the NPD process represented with a spring that increases its energy and contracts by reducing the dimensions of the whole process . The extension of the spring impacts on the application of the concurrent engineering and can lead to process improvements, lead time reduction, product quality improvement and finally energy creation to afford the pressure of the competitive environment. The originality of the model consists in the integration of elastostatic and elastodynamic problems to the new product development and knowledge integration practices.

Energy procurement is a necessity which needs a deep study, of both the demand and the generation sources, referred to consumers localization. The study presented in the paper is an attempt to extend and consolidate the study of Shimon Awerbuch on Portfolio Theory applied to the energy planning, in order to define a broad-based generating mix which optimizes one or more objective functions defined by either the designer or the final user. For this purpose the computation model was specialized in energy procurement problem and extended with the addition of new cost-risk settings, like social-environmental assets and renewable energy availability, and Black-Litterman model, which extends Markovitz and Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) theory. Energy planning was also contextualized to the territory: the introduction of geographic and climatic features, together with the respect of regulations on landscape-environment protection, allow to plan energy infrastructures on both global and local scale (regional, provincial, municipal). The result is an efficient decision making tool to drive the investment on typical energy policy assets. In general the tool allows to analyze several scenarios in support of renewable energy sources, environmental sustainability, costs and risks reduction.

Research laboratories, universities and consulting firms undertake research activities for performances analysis, businesses, technologies, products and services developments, governments, and political and sociological systems developments. In the case of firms' studies, the key informants regarding any research are the firms' managers that are involved either through interviews, or ethnographies or questionnaires responses. The key informants provide many types of data for the development of research and their role is primordial in its on-going process. In the process of data collection, there can be some challenges and obstacles slowing down the move toward data analysis for the confirmation of the hypothesis of the research or the achievement of the research output. Thus, the aim of this paper is to investigate on the factors that can slow down the on-going process of any research while communicating with the managers for their research participation. The 'Deja Vu' research method derived from the research and used is based on the analysis of the interactions taking place among university's researchers and firms' managers in the automotive and aerospace industry. The initial purposes of these interactions were for action research for businesses analysis and development and case studies creation from the firms for action learning of an international master program students. The paper presents the 'Deja Vu' research method' and provides details and definitions of the factors' constraints with respect to the firm's managers research participation. We find out that both actions -research and learning-have common factors' constraints as the managers availability and managers' strategic position in the firms, and different factors regarding the implications as value-added to business development and financial funds, and the brand image and the financial support for learning, respectively. And according to the types of actions and based on the factors' constraints, we derive a brief methodology for researchers to enhance firms' managers participation in research.

Knowledge management systems can be defined as information and communication technology based systems developed to support the management of knowledge assets in the organization. This support is performed by facilitating collecting, organizing, storing, sharing, searching and retrieving knowledge and sharing it among knowledge workers. In this research we describe a framework of a semantic based knowledge management system for aerospace collaborative working environments. We also identify the design principles, system architecture and technological implantation of the system which is developed and implemented as part of integrated and virtually produced tools and functionalities for a collaborative and distributed working environment. The introduced system depends mainly on Latent semantic Indexing techniques and a set of evolving ontologies as underlying resource for searching and retrieving shared knowledge documents according to the semantic correlations with the knowledge worker's queries. The main goal of this research is to help knowledge workers effectively share, search and retrieve required knowledge from shared and vast knowledge bases in their collaborative working environment.

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is an innovative approach based on a virtual model, which allows to manage all the information about the building. This approach is applicable to all the phases of the building process, but many surveys show the lack of BIM implementation in the use e maintenance phases. The BIM use in the management phase represents a unexpressed potentiality, a differentiating factor compared to Product Lifecycle Management (PLM), a holistic approach able to oversee the whole life cycle of a product and the information connected with it, widespread and consolidated in the manufacturing sector. Starting from this assumptions, in an empirical study, the paper presents a qualitative investigation into the current situation of the processes management of the constructed heritage in a French real estate company. The case study proposes the integration of the PLM and BIM approaches, that could be defined as Building Lifecycle Management (BLM), in order to close the gap of the traditional method.

Many differences exist between a generic process representation and the real flow of activities performed in relation to specific products/programs within an enterprise. The product life cycle modeling approach allows us to model the temporal flow of activities from conceptualization to disposal of specific product/program. In contrast, the business process modeling approach provides a general process perspective. The two views taken alone are not entirely satisfactory. This paper aims to propose a unified and integrated product–business process modeling approach, which overcomes the limitations inherent in adopting a single perspective, maintaining as much as possible, the essential characteristics and strengths of both modeling approaches. Design/methodology/approach: The conceptual model of the proposed unified approach is based on the review of existing process and product modeling theories and on an inductive perspective emerging from the observation of the organizational practices in a number of Italian aerospace companies. Findings: The proposed approach is expressed in eight guidelines, which describe a new unifying perspective to be adopted in different domains, which ensure thatmanagers identify the assets and activities that are associated with each product that an organization creates. Constraints are also suggested. Some practical applications and examples using the software, ARIS (IDS Scheer, Saarland, Germany) are also provided based on actual practices in an aerospace company. Originality/value: This paper describes a new unifying perspective for a combination of product/business process modeling view.

This paper focuses on the implementation of a crucial application in naval field, named Damage Control System (DCS), in the development of which the researchers of the Centro Cultura Innovativa d’Impresa (CCII) of University of Salento have been involved by its industrial partner Avio S.p.A..

Cities are restless systems. Increasing urbanisation and the cumulative growth of urban management issues are pressing local governments to provide valuable services. Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) are established as drivers of this new wave of change in the redefinition of the relationship between the city and its citizens. Smart Cities rely strongly on strategies and solutions enabled by ICT5 involving directly local governments, citizens and communities. Open data alone, though a relevant component of these strategies, cannot provide enough incentives for the engagement of citizens necessary to establish a collaborative and open governance system; data need to be appropriately elaborated, communicated and used. The main objective of this paper is to investigate how open data together with simple and standardised elaborations and innovative visualisation techniques may be used to provide new and updated services to citizens and communities: free and readily available services based on the wealth of information 'owned' by local governments. Adopting a design science research methodology we develop and test a collaborative ICT-based tool called UrbanSense. We use it to highlight how systemic connections between citizens and city-government may be devised. On this point, the focus is on the feedforwarding of open data integrated with basic elaborations and visualisations as a means for the local government to create new and open services for citizens and communities. The use of the services prompts citizens to feedback new information in real-time to the city government. These interactions may be used to foster an open innovation ecosystem. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

The Cultural Heritage is a complex domain composed of interconnected ecosystems and stakeholders. Innovative methods and techniques have been proposed to facilitate the management of this complex environment if it thinks about the culture as an organism and not a mechanism adopting an ecological approach focused on relationships and interactions within the overall and local system (Holden, 2015). This research intends to provide a new integrated approach able to optimise the flow of data, information and knowledge circulating in an archaeological site, starting from its lifecycle management, carrying on with the processes modelling through the Business Process Management approach and identifying roles and relationships among people through the application of the Social Network Analysis technique. The final aim is to have a sustainable valorisation and a smart fruition of the archaeological site as part of the global cultural domain, facilitating the value creation and strengthening the connections between culture and local development.

Organizations need to share and acquire new information to sustain competitive advantage in complex environment. They communicate through IT-based integrated systems to fasten communication and knowledge sharing for the creation of innovative products. Firms are, thus, extending their operations to integrate strategic knowledge from partners in the product development process. In this paper, we present a case study related to process innovation in an aerospace firm integrating its information systems with one of its partners to facilitate the design of the models of a complex product. We investigate on the strategy followed to integrate the information systems, the types of these latter, on their success factors and their impact on the product development. The case study provides important insights on the integration of information systems for product design outsourcing.

The extended enterprise create partnerships with its external environment in order to acquire strategic information and achieve competitive advantage. For that, it integrates its information systems with the partners for fast communication and new knowledge integration in the product development process. The integrated systems involved in the interorganizational collaboration have specific functions and features. In this paper, we present the case study related to an aerospace firm integrating its information systems with one of its partners for complex product design. We investigate on the types of systems integrated, on their success factors and their impact on the product design. The results of the study provide important insights on the integration of the information systems for product development outsourcing.

This paper focuses on the implementation of an advanced CAD integrated application for shipboard safety control systems. Damage Control Management System (DCMS) is a software module included into the Damage Control System (DCS), developed by the researchers of Apphia s.r.l. and CCII (Centro Cultura Innovativa d’Impresa) of University of Salento.

This paper aims at analyze the practice of knowledge integration in Collaborative New Product Development (Co-NPD) projects involving multiple partners in aerospace network. Based on a pragmatic approach, a multiple case study focusing on two Italian aerospace companies involved into a research project aimed to define methodologies and technologies for knowledge collaboration in NPD, is developed. Data are gathered with a triangulation techniques merging both official documents, open ended and close end interviews administered in the companies sites and involving managers, engineers and employees. Findings propose a systematic treatment of the knowledge integration practice describing the types of knowledge, strategies, barriers and intellectual property policies for knowledge integration at inter-organizational level. Findings provide insights to address NPD models for aerospace networks where the complexity and value of codified knowledge coming from external sources requires adequate treatments and security standard.

In this chapter we carry out a critical analysis of “knowledge democracy” as a new mantra or buzz-word in product innovation leadership. A new paradigm has revolutionized the traditional process of invention, which was previously associated with a hierarchical dissemination of new ideas and competitive hoarding of knowledge assets. This chapter contends that at this environment has been replaced by a collaboration economy (based on so-called “wikinomics”) in which democracy governs the process of knowledge creation and its strategic application. Leadership in product innovation does not rely on the innate internal qualities of organizations, but on the collaborative contribution of stakeholders in many of the activities that make up the NPD lifecycle. The authors suggest a new approach to mitigate factors that can otherwise reduce the value of the NPD process. The chapter then examines how to promote such open collaboration through the development of a new managerial mindset, the acquisition of new distinctive competences, the development of new organizational models, and the management of new collaborative technologies. The authors’ proposed framework of processes and competencies offers the potential for organizations to meet these needs.

Enhancing competitiveness, shortening the response time to environmental changes, increasing profits and so forth are all goals that refer to the same concept: ‘improvement’. Yet, these elements are bounded to the same necessity: ‘measurement’. On such bases, this work intends to provide an operative framework which, using many heterogeneous typologies of tools and technologies, would enable enterprises to define, formalize and model key performance indicators (KPIs) according to Model Driven Architecture (MDA) vision. The tools required for achieving this goal belong to different categories, according to the particular step of the framework: the theories for identification of KPIs are the balanced scorecard (BSc) and the goal question metric (GQM); process modeling is realized trough BPMN (Business Process Modeling Notation); KPIs were modeled using semantics of business vocabulary and business rules (SBVR), so as to enable automatic parsing, according to MDA vision. Finally, the mathematical formulas were represented in machine readable format through MathML.

This paper describes SKILLS-Sharing Knowledge in Lesson Learned System, a solution composed by a web-based tool and a business process that supports the enterprise in managing and sharing Lessons Learned and Best Practices. SKILLS follows a community based approach, increasing the percentage of explicit knowledge. The solution deals with real issues in Aerospace Company domain, following a methodology composed by three main phases: Analysis of operative contest; analysis of Processes and needs and Solution Development. Starting from a context analysis, conducted using interviews, we identify the company needs. Then, we propose a new Lesson Learned and Best Practice management process, and we explain the functionalities of SKILLS, a tool useful to solve the issues identified and satisfies the company needs. Several users can access to two types of services: the first one oriented to contents (discussion, lesson, lesson learned, best practice) creation and validation, the second one more oriented to horizontal functionality (advanced search, tagging and categorization, user profiling, user page, instant communication). SKILLS covers all activities of Lesson Learned and Best Practice management process, following a collaborative approach, where a community of knowledge workers share knowledge and know-how and solve operative issue, enabling the externalization process of SECI model. Copyright (C) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Purpose – This paper aims at analyze the practice of knowledge integration in Collaborative New Product Development (Co-NPD) projects involving multiple partners in aerospace network. Design/methodology/approach – We propose an approach based on a multiple case study focusing on two Italian aerospace companies involved into a research project aimed to define methodologies and technologies for knowledge collaboration in NPD. Originality/value –This methodology puts in evidence the types of knowledge, strategies, barriers and intellectual property policies for knowledge integration in an aerospace value network extending the literature on knowledge integration practices. Practical implications – The outcomes of the application provide insights to address NPD models for aerospace networks where the complexity and value of codified knowledge coming from external sources requires adequate treatments and security standard.

Ambiguous requirements are the main cause of failure in PLM business solution applications development. SysML used in a Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) development process can mitigate this primary source of error. MBSE moves system engineering practices from document-centric to model-centric approach in which the model becomes the primary systems engineering artefact to represent system specification and design. The adoption of this new approach requires careful consideration of the cultural change, adequate training, and a new methodology. This paper describes the feasibility study, results and lesson learned on the MBSE maturity acquired in Alenia Aermacchi Information System and Engineering departments applying MBSE to Product Life-Cycle Management (PLM) and Document Management. It is based on the University of Salento expertise about modelling languages and on the Alenia Aermacchi experience on System Engineering. SysML has been used as standard language, IBM Harmony Methodology as system engineering methodology and IBM Rhapsody as modelling tool.

The aim of this paper is to present the structure and the metadata needed to construct a business vocabulary element. The business vocabulary element could be considered as the building block of a Domain Specific Language (DSL) dictionary. For creating the desired reusable vocabulary element a set of metadata is used to ensure collective synthesis, flexible categorization, and the integrity with other systems as business rules based ones. One of the most important parts is finding those who can define a vocabulary element by a histogram density processing. Creating a vocabulary element with basic metadata and some hints about who can define it better than the others, is a first step for the creation of a vocabulary element that is well defined, clear, reusable, and maintainable.

In the last years the Living Labs (LLs) approach is becoming really important to test new products/services in real-life settings. Following the perspective of user-centered innovation emerged by the critical review of the existing international LLs’ methodologies, this paper describes how, in the Living Lab related to KHIRA research project, research activities and innovation are integrated, according to a public-private-person partnership (PPPP), to develop innovation processes, participated and usercentered, in the industrial sector. The LL related to KHIRA research project involves several users categories: industrial partners, universities and research centers, SMEs belonging to Apulian manufacturing industry, public administrations, and other users. A heterogeneous users’ community can produce new ideas of products and services oriented to solve real industrial problems as those related to the product life-cycle management (PLM) in complex manufacturing environments. Purpose of this study is to present a methodology that can be used in the industrial LLs aimed at developing new products/services in complex environments, bridging the existing gap between the LLs’ activities management and those aimed to develop user-centered innovation.

The Object Management Group (OMG) is promoting the Model Driven Architecture (MDA) approach to support interaction among enterprises based on business process models. Based on this approach, we discuss in this paper how to specify performance indicators among the levels with different degree of abstraction suggested in MDA. These indicators will drive the monitoring activities to check the execution of business processes involving networked enterprises. Connecting the different levels we also decrease the cost of implementing metrics as the measurement of the entities at one level can be based on the lower leve

During the last decades, social and computer scientists have been focusing their efforts to study the effectiveness of collaboration in both working and learning environments. The main contributions clearly identify the importance of interactivity as the determinant of positive performances in learning communities where the supportive dimension of exchanges is balanced by the interactive one. In this chapter, authors describe a method based on social network metrics to recognize the stages of development of learning communities. The authors found that the evolution of social network metrics - such as density, betweenness centrality, contribution index, core/periphery structure - matched the formal stages of community development, with a clear identification of the forming, norming, and storming phases.

This paper shows the application of a Knowledge-Based Engineering (KBE) system to optimise the design of gearshafts used in aircraft engines. A new design process and a tool have been introduced to automate the preparation of CAD models by engineers. Time required was reduced by more than 60%, resulting in a sensible decrease in costs and indirect quality benefits. The study is based on a company case and findings are consistent with other studies in the aerospace. The paper helps understand the potential value of KBE in New Product Development (NPD) and can be a proof-of-concept for further implementations in complex engineering sectors.

The need to cut off lead times, to increase the products innovation, to respond to changing customer requirements and to integrate new technologies into business process pushes companies to increase the collaboration. In particular, collaboration, knowledge sharing and information exchange in the Aerospace Value Network, need to a clear definition and identification of competencies of several actors. Main contractors, stakeholders, customers, suppliers, partners, have different expertise and backgrounds and in this collaborative working environment are called to work together in projects, programs and process. To improve collaboration and support the knowledge sharing, a competencies definition methodology and the related dictionary result useful tools among actors within an extended supply chain. They can use the same terminology and be informed on the competencies available. It becomes easy to specify who knows to do required activities stimulating collaboration and improving communication. Based on an action research developed in the context of the iDesign Foundation project, the paper outlines a competency definition methodology and it presents examples from the implementation in Alenia Aeronautica company. A new definition of competency is suggested supporting by a new method to specify the structural relationship between competencies and activities of aeronautical processes.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe the case of a leading Italian aerospace company which developed an integrated system aimed to optimize the management of engineering competencies within the Chief Technical Office function. Design/methodology/approach – The paper was based on a set of interviews to company referents and a one-year period of researcher’s observation at the company site to analyze competence management processes and the application on the field of the methodology and the tool. The approach adopted is to present a real practice following a pragmatic and illustrative approach. Findings – The integrated system provides an objective method to support critical evaluations related to the management of competencies and actors. The benefits achieved derive from a more effective and efficient monitoring of competencies available to perform given activities, and from the analysis of gaps, actor allocation, and job-rotation issues. Research limitations/implications – The application of the method and the tool is still quite “dependent” from the skills of their developers. Besides, the activities and competencies of those units which support new product development processes should be also integrated in the system. Practical implications – The case described can be a useful benchmark for organizations working in complex industries in the effort of improving the performance of engineering activities through an enhanced management of knowledge about people potential and expertise. Originality/value – The value of the paper may stay in a twofold process/project and people management perspective in the monitoring, development, and scouting of technical competencies.

The Cultural Heritage has gained high value in the development of territorial strategies. In this aim new planning processes could be able to face the informational asymmetry due to the existence of unstructured data, lack of standardised information, and inner conflict among different stakeholders. This paper intends to demonstrate the importance of an ICT-based innovation process on the reconstruction and valorisation of the Archaeological Heritage. Indeed, the digitization of cultural data could be able to generate a direct impact in shortening the cultural chain and making directly available data and information. This knowledge could support the urban and spatial planning processes, providing also opportunities for new tourist strategy. Moreover, this findings could facilitate the standardisation and repeatability of the procedure.

The growing importance of different kind of services in urban and wider contexts highlights the need for integrated, designed and managed service systems. A methodological framework based on Product Service System, can aid in better understanding and organizing services, supporting the identification of strategic urban actions, and prescribing system design choices that respond to citizen needs. This approach can be strategic if applied to the management of services and products in the high complexity of a city, characterized by coping with different layers of digital data and integrated flows of people, economic and social information. This research aims to investigate and classify the literature on PSS for identifying applications of products and services for different scale of territorial planning. A PSS-based methodology is proposed that allows to respond to the complex need of the territorial and urban planning process and to guide stakeholders toward shared and transparent decision-making. The paper is a useful reference for policy makers and academics that want to have a clear and critical understanding of the use of PSS in urbanism and territorial governance.

La complessità del settore aerospaziale e dei suoi prodotti caratterizzano un ciclo di vita del prodotto altamente integrato sia fra le diverse fasi all’interno di una stessa azienda e sia fra diverse aziende con cui si collabora alla realizzazione del prodotto, condividendo talvolta rischi e investimenti. La progettazione è un processo fondamentale che integra diversi aspetti del ciclo di vita di un prodotto e in cui diverse discipline e funzioni devono collaborare insieme per soddisfare le specifiche performance richieste ai prodotti di questo settore. Tale processo è svolto utilizzando potenti tecnologie dell’informazione e comunicazione che ne abilitano le diverse attività e ne permettono la progettazione dei prodotti più performanti. L’articolo si pone l’obiettivo di illustrare le caratteristiche del processo di progettazione nelle aziende aerospaziali come elemento core per tutto il ciclo di vita di un prodotto e di illustrare alcune best practices osservate nel contesto aerospaziale italiano.

Community detection in networks has recently obtained a huge interest in both natural and social sciences, for its variety of implications and applications. Several algorithms and strategies have been proposed up to now, mainly focusing on speed optimization or on the quality of the nal clustering obtained. The main scope of this paper is to bridge these two ap- proaches, via the introduction of heuristic schemes, which may be intended as a ranking of nodes inside a graph, indicating those who pose major prob- lems in community assignment. By performing the slowest, most eective algorithms (renement) on only a small fraction of the whole network, this approach is made applicable to huge networks.

Industries of complex products are characterized by wide partnerships spanning several nations. In aerospace industry, the high costs of R&D phase, the need to enter new markets and to involve specialized skills, knowledge and capabilities pushed firms to establish and strengthen partnerships. Partnerships and new product development inside them are characterized many learning processes: partners have a lot of opportunities to learn from other partners. From „80s researchers, practitioners and governments are debating about the impact of the knowledge flows in partnerships on national economies. The numerous joint ventures between US, EU and Japanese firms raised the fear that these partnerships could threaten US knowledge and technological leadership. The competitiveness of the Japan aerospace industry and the birth of a significant Chinese aerospace industry are stressing US and EU firms‟ need of new knowledge protection strategies and techniques for global aerospace alliances and partnerships. The Innovative Design Foundation (IDF) project is aimed at analyzing the collaboration patterns looking for a new approach to knowledge protection in partnership. The pursued idea is that two learning processes take place: “learning from outside”, from data and information shared by partners, and “learning from inside”, form the assigned activities and tasks, while the knowledge flow is only a trigger or a booster of this learning activity. Following this approach, it became mandatory in partnership management to take a process-based view: the new product development process has to be decomposed, core phases and tasks have to be recognized, partners have to be selected with respect to their capability to face the challenges of the new product, but also with respect to competitive capabilities they will obtain at the end of the program.

This research aims to apply models extracted from the Many-Body Quantum Mechanics to understand how knowledge production is correlated to the innovation potential of a work team. This study is grounded in some key assumtpions. First, complexity theory applied to social science suggests that it is of paramount importance to consider elements of non-objectivity and non-determinism in the statistical description of socio-economic phenomena. Second, a typical factor of indeterminacy in the explanation of these phenomena lead to the need to apply the instruments of quantum physics to formally describe social behaviours. In order to experiment the validity of the proposed mathematic model, the research intends to: 1) model nodes and interactions; 2) simulate the network behaviour starting from specific defined models; 3) visualize the macroscopic results emerging during the analysis/simulation phases through a digital representation of the social network.

The scope of this paper is to test the adoption of a statistical model derived from Condensed Matter Physics, for the reconstruction of the structure of a social network. The inverse Potts model, traditionally applied to recursive observations of quantum states in an ensemble of particles, is here addressed to observations of the members' states in an organization and their (anti)correlations, thus inferring interactions as links among the members. Adopting proper (Bethe) approximations, such an inverse problem is showed to be tractable. Within an operational framework, this network-reconstruction method is tested for a small real-world social network, the Italian parliament. In this study case, it is easy to track statuses of the parliament members, using (co)sponsorships of law proposals as the initial dataset. In previous studies of similar activity-based networks, the graph structure was inferred directly from activity co-occurrences: here we compare our statistical reconstruction with such standard methods, outlining discrepancies and advantages.

The problem and implications of community detection in networks have raised a huge attention, for its important applications in both natural and social sciences. A number of algorithms has been developed to solve this problem, addressing either speed optimization or the quality of the partitions calculated. In this paper we propose a multi-step procedure bridging the fastest, but less accurate algorithms (coarse clustering), with the slowest, most effective ones (refinement). By adopting heuristic ranking of the nodes, and classifying a fraction of them as `critical', a refinement step can be restricted to this subset of the network, thus saving computational time. Preliminary numerical results are discussed, showing improvement of the final partition.

This paper describes a Sentiment Analysis (SA) method to analyze tweets polarity and to enable government to describe quantitatively the opinion of active users on social networks with respect to the topics of interest to the Public Administration. We propose an optimized approach employing a document-level and a dataset-level supervised machine learning classifier to provide accurate results in both individual and aggregated sentiment classification. The aim of this work is also to identify the types of features that allow to obtain the most accurate sentiment classification for a dataset of Italian tweets in the context of a Public Administration event, also taking into account the size of the training set. This work uses a dataset of 1,700 Italian tweets relating to the public event of “Lecce 2019 – European Capital of Culture”.

The role of human resources has become a key factor for the success of an organization. Based on a research collaboration with an aeronautical company, the paper compares two different approaches for the reconstruction of a collaborative social network in the business realm. Traditional social network analysis and novel statistical inference models were both evaluated against data provided by the company, with the final scope of scouting key employees in the network, as well as exploiting the knowledge-transfer processes. As a main outcome of this paper, it was found how the network reconstruction using statistical models has an increased robustness, as well as sensitivity, allowing to discover hidden correlations among the users.

This paper analyses the potential of knowledge based engineering (KBE) methods and tools to streamline new product development (NPD) processes. In particular, design activities are investigated as a crucial context for technology implementation and process optimization in the aerospace industry. Based on a four-year collaboration with a leading company, the article shows the development of new processes and software tools which reduced sensibly the time and cost for designing key parts of aircraft engines, with indirect benefits on product quality. The paper can be a proof-of-concept for similar implementations in complex engineering sectors as the study combines discussion of technical aspects of modelling with strategic issues related to design and NPD performance. The process-based analysis and estimate of benefits achieved can help operation managers to better understand the uses and business value of KBE methods in process innovation and product development initiatives which address cross-functional and cross-organizational issues.

This chapter presents the SuperJet International case study, a start-up in the aeronautics industry characterized by a process-oriented approach and a complex and as yet evolving network of partnerships and collaborations. The chapter aims to describe the key points of the start-up process, highlighting common factors and differences compared to the TEKNE Methodology of Change, with particular reference to the second and third phase, namely, the design and deployment of new techno-organizational systems. The SuperJet International startup is presented as a case study where strategic and organizational aspects have been jointly conceived from a network-driven perspective. The chapter compares some of the guidelines of the TEKNE Methodology of Change with experiences and actual practices deriving from interviews with key players in SJI’s start-up process.

Urban waste management is a widespread Italian problem, particularly relevant in the south. The large quantity of unsorted waste creates direct discomfort from the collection to disposal and indirect environmental sustainability problems reducing the quality of both rural and urban areas. Since 2011, the production of municipal solid waste, has started to decrease due to the distribution of door-to-door collection systems, but also becausethe reduced share of consumption caused bythe economic crisis (ISPRA, 2014). Nevertheless, the separate collection rates remain too low and the landfill disposal too high related to European averages, resulting unsustainable both from an environmental and socio-cultural point of view. Starting from these assumptions, this research intends to propose a case study methodology for the waste management by using the Pneumatic Refuse System(PRS) as a viable alternative to the traditional collection system. In detail, the research is divided into two strictly consequential phases: the first step analyzes the correlation between the PRS cost and urban density indicator of five municipalities with different number of inhabitant located in the Province of Lecce, from which a general cost trend and consequently, the economic trade-off point have been determined. Starting from this point, the following phase analyses the cost effectiveness of the hypothetical installation of the PRS in one of the previous municipality analysed, in a high-density district. As a result, a general strategy for waste management on metropolitan scale will be identified in order to increase the recycling percentage in the South Italy, justified by the sustainability and by Circular Economy principle (MacArthur, 2013).

In complex environments, firms adopt continuously new IT-based systems and tools for knowledge management, otherwise knowledge can be dispersed or lost. And as a part of the new product development process, the product design is one of the most crucial phases for the relevance of its data and information and for the importance of the new knowledge creation of its designers and engineers. This chapter argues, through a conceptual model, the strategic role of the integration of knowledge management systems and special communities for the acceleration of the new product development process and presents an ontology-based knowledge management system and its application in the context of a community of automotive designers. More precisely, the issue management, based on this engineered IT-system, will accelerate and optimize the product design phase and knowledge sharing among the designers and engineers.

During the last ten years, the fish consumption is increased about 27%. This increase depending from several factors, such as: population growth (+12%); greater awareness of the nutritional value of fish products; development of new aquaculture technologies; improvement of distribution channels. In order to safeguard humankind’s heritage, innovation strategies for food industry need to be concerned not only with technological changes but also with the scientific (nutritional, medical), social and environmental changes (sustainability, transparency). Aquaculture is an expansion industry and has the potential to satisfy the worldwide demand of fish production related to the global population growth. Technological and methodological innovations are needed not only to optimize the production but also to assure its sustainability. With this point of view, in this work, researchers, engineers and enterprises worked together to develop a system to be placed in sea aquaculture plants. The system is composed by several devices that work following IoT paradigm, and is able to solve practical issues emerged from a case study in South of Italy. The data collected by the system, conveniently enriched by other specific information, will be used for traceability purpose in order to satisfy the emerging information needs of Food Citizenship. The system’ devices, the production process (as-is and to-be), the plant maintenance process (as-is) and the traced data are described.

The aerospace industry is characterized by intensive collaborations among firms that work for the realization of complex aerospace products that require high risks and costs. Collaboration and risk sharing are needed at each supply chain level. For companies working in networks, in this period of market changes and crisis, it is needed to think and re-think about a networked business model highlighting the relevance of each collaborating actor in the value generation for new products. The paper aims to explore the business model features of companies working in aerospace networks and to highlight improvements actions. Evidences are collected through a survey and a case study. The research results suggest two new elements for business model frameworks: the value exchange strategy and the value enablers both necessary for an extended collaboration among all nodes of a business network. The introduction of these two elements is discussed and justified in the paper.

Collaborating to new product development (NPD) is became a common and diffused practices to share skills and resources and to better manage costs and risks. The important role of collaboration in network and its interrelated exchange of knowledge needs in–depth analysis to highlight their role in the organisational mechanisms of working. This paper describes a business model for companies working in network where the knowledge and its protection is relevant. It is as a conceptual paper and wants to highlight the relevant role of the knowledge exchanged in a value network of companies for developing a new product. These aspects are treated and discussed through the use of business model elements in order to point out the relevance of knowledge and its management also in the organisational operations definitions. The findings contribute to enlarge the proposition on business model and knowledge sharing for NPD.

This paper is a brief description of the S.E.A. (Security for marine Environment and Aquaculture) project and its current status.

Most business processes are today rooted into an informa-tion system recording operational events in log files. Process Mining algorithms exploit this information to discover and qualify differences between observed and modelled process. However, the output of these algorithms are not clearly con-nected with business properties. Our work faces these lim-itations by proposing an approach for calibrating Process Mining results based on the Business Rules adopted by an organisation. The general idea relates on applying Process Mining algorithms on subsequent refinements of the event log, flltering process executions based on Business Rules. This way we are able to associate these results with specific characterisations of the process, as entailed by the corre-sponding Business Rules. This approach is confronted to a real world scenario using data provided by an Italian man-ufacturing company.

In questo articolo si presenta un metodo per la valutazione del punto di equilibrio di una nave. Tale problematica è centrale per ogni sistema di stabilità installato a bordo nave (On Board Stability System - OBSS). L’OBSS presentato in questo lavoro rappresenta gli sforzi congiunti del partenariato pubblico-privato in essere tra il Centro Cultura Innovativa d'Impresa (CCII) dell'Università del Salento, Apphia srl e Avio S.p.A.. Partendo dalla geometria esatta 3D dello scafo, descritto da un modello discreto in un formato standard, dalla distribuzione di tutti i carichi a bordo e dai dati acquisiti dal sistema, l’OBSS calcola l’assetto nave utilizzando un metodo similare all’analisi agli elementi finiti (FEA - Finite Elements Analysis).

Following the triple helix (TH) model and the way knowledge is transferred into the industry domain, this chapter aims to define features interface that should be implemented in order to facilitate the University–Industry (UI) relationship and thus encourage the spin-off creation. In order to support this relationship, a new business model configuration of an entrepreneurial ecosystem is proposed, aiming at creating a sustainable environment, where business entities can grow. The field of the Governance of Entrepreneurial Ecosystems is also investigated in order to define a framework for launching, developing, and sustaining a company over time. This chapter presents a case study developed within the University of Salento (Italy). It capitalizes results from three different research analyses, based on questionnaires and interviews with actors of the spin-off network (professors and researchers, graduating students, admin-tech staff of the Technology Transfer Office, spin-offs’ CEOs/Associates, and R&D managers of external companies) and on results coming from scientific publications and regional/national reports in the innovation context. A research methodology based on semantic network analysis and sentiment analysis has been applied in order to identify which features an interface should implement in order to facilitate the UI relationship and encourage the spin-off creation. To support the start-up overcoming the “death valley,” the creation of a link between the strategy used to transfer value to the market and the phase of innovation is proposed inside the business model configuration. Some aspects of a governance model of an entrepreneurial ecosystem were also presented in order to support the business evolution of a single business entity and assuring sustainability over time.

The case study explores the use of ICT in the external and internal collaborations to design or re-design a product in an Italian aerospace company. The data have been analyzed with the content analysis and. triangulation techniques are also used. The main role of collaborations among organizational units and with the customers/partners is highlighted and insights in the managerial practice are based on the evaluation of the collaborations types during the product design.

This research aims to apply models extracted from the many-body quantum mechanics to describe social dynamics. It is intended to draw macroscopic characteristics of organizational communities starting from the analysis of microscopic interactions with respect to the node model. In this chapter, the authors intend to give an answer to the following question: which models of the quantum physics are suitable to represent the behaviour and the evolution of business processes? The innovative aspects of the project are related to the application of models and methods of the quantum mechanics to social systems. In order to validate the proposed mathematical model, the authors intend to define an open-source platform able to model nodes and interactions within a network, to visualize the macroscopic results through a digital representation of the social networks.

This research aims to apply models extracted from the many-body quantum mechanics to describe social dynamics. It is intended to draw macroscopic characteristics of organizational communities starting from the analysis of microscopic interactions with respect to the node model. In this chapter, the authors intend to give an answer to the following question: which models of the quantum physics are suitable to represent the behaviour and the evolution of business processes? The innovative aspects of the project are related to the application of models and methods of the quantum mechanics to social systems. In order to validate the proposed mathematical model, the authors intend to define an open-source platform able to model nodes and interactions within a network, to visualize the macroscopic results through a digital representation of the social networks.

As a part of the product development process, the after-sales services are not only a source of innovation, but also they benefit from value creation through new managerial methodologies for the achievement of competitive advantage and customer satisfaction. The objective of the paper is to further understand value creation for the after-sales services. We present the case of the creation of a new business for the after-sales services for the entrance into a new market. The new business is created by two gurus in the aerospace industry. A typology of guidelines is derived, based on organizational and strategic perspectives, for the after-sales services value creation and the guidelines for the creation of a new business as well as for the entrance of into a new market are presented

The aerospace products are complex and require integration of complementary knowledge and risk sharing among several firms. The aerospace industry is, thus, characterized by an intensive net of collaborations among firms working on aerospace products' systems, sub-systems and components manufacturing and with Governments, public and private research centres and other actors. Furthermore, the product, process and organizational innovations are important to preserve and increase the firm competitiveness improving the excellences in specific fields and the productivity. A case study based on the innovation activities supported by inter-firm collaborations in an aerospace company is object of the paper and has been developed applying the content analysis on a set of interviews. Types of innovation activities and external relations emerge from the study and their integration is analyzed highlighting difference among innovation activities based on the type and quantity of external relations.

Currently, Virtual Reality (VR) systems give industries in different domains the possibility to interact with and work into a simulated environment in order to improve their processes, efficiency and effectiveness, fast introducing new products in the market in a cost effective way. The fundamental idea is to identify the main applications of Virtual Reality in the manufacturing domain and provide valuable insights for future research and trends concern the application of this technology along the whole product development process. This paper aims to propose a set of new emerging scenarios, composed of Virtual Reality technologies, tools and systems used in manufacturing industries with a focus on the aerospace sector. The proposed scenarios are based on projects and initiatives carried out for applying the VR to industries in order to optimize internal processes and the overall supply chain.