L'Unità d'Italia Dall'Unità d'Italia si apre una stagione di ricerca architettonica tesa all'individuazione di uno "stile nazionale" che incarni anche nell'architettura l'unificazione politica. Il gusto eclettico di moda all'epoca nelle accademie di belle arti consente l'importazione degli stilemi e della sintassi delle architetture del passato ad accreditare la monumentalità della nuova edilizia pubblica. Soprattutto nella capitale si svolge un fortissimo rinnovamento del concetto di architettura, ma anche di città con trasformazioni urbanistiche spesso evidenti che caratterizzeranno indelebilmente quest'epoca. Il primo Novecento Nell'arco dei primi anni del Novecento si assiste ad una forte ricerca di innovazione del linguaggio architettonico che, con Gustavo Giovannoni, si estende all'attenzione per il valore simbolico e sociale della città e per la preservazione dell'antico. Di contro, tuttavia, l'affermarsi dello "stile nazionale" e dell'esigenza di retorica di forti frange della critica e della politica confinano le libertà espressive entro i canoni della "nazionalità" separando il processo di sviluppo dell'architettura italiana dal quadro internazionale, che nel frattempo sviluppa le nuove forme della secessione viennese e del liberty. L'architettura del Fascismo Il dibattito architettonico negli anni del Fascismo si divide tra il "Movimento moderno" e le nuove istanze razionaliste derivanti dallo "stile internazionale". Gli architetti italiani cercano una sintesi tra l'architettura della propaganda, estesa alla trasformazione urbana e al rinnovamento fino all'edificazione di nuove "metafisiche" città di fondazione, e l'architettura delle nuove tendenze internazionali di stampo funzionalista e razionale. Il dopoguerra e la ricostruzione La ricostruzione postbellica incarna nel processo edilizio il sentimento di rinascita dall'umiliazione e dall'indigenza della guerra, spostando l'attenzione verso l'architettura sociale destinata alla fruizione pubblica, alla residenza popolare, all'emersione delle aree depresse. La sperimentazione architettonica si lega alle tecnologie per qualificare tecnicamente ed esteticamente l'edilizia minore. La scuola di architettura si rinnova accogliendo i professionisti di maggior rilievo nei corsi di composizione e riaprendosi al dibattito internazionale. Gli anni del "boom economico" La ripresa economica degli anni Cinquanta e Sessanta unita all'innovazione delle tecniche e dei materiali portò forse ad un disorientamento della vecchia scuola di architettura con un conseguente sbandamento delle nuove generazioni alla ricerca di un perduto linguaggio da reinventare. Si assiste pertanto ad approfondimenti riflessivi sull'uso dei materiali e sul rapporto tra questi e la forma dell'architettura e come ciò si traduca nella percezione da parte dell'osservatore, fino ad arrivare a integrare l'operazione progettuale con la partecipazione dei fruitori nelle esperienze di Samonà e De Carlo. La crisi d

This paper proposes the research lines of a teaching experience developed in a laboratory degree carried out in the a.y. 2013-14 at the Politecnico di Bari, that is engaged since 2006 in many studies of the Albanian architectural heritage. In particular this study concerns the recovery and enhancement of the industrial landscape and architecture of the twentieth century in Albania. The specific case-study is the industrial area of Fier, one of the largest production sites created in the sixties in Albania, that includes a nitrate fertilizer plant and a thermal power station, a zone now almost entirely abandoned and degraded, but with great potential for transformation and reuse. The Laboratory involved various disciplines: Architectural and Urban Design, Urban Planning, Environmental Technical Physics, Architectural Restoration, with the aim of highlighting the environmental resources of this site, at territorial, urban and architectural scales. This study designated this area not as a large abandoned site available for new functions, but as a place with specific characters of space and landscape, rich in historical memories, that must be interpreted and recovered through the project. It was assumed as a possible heartland for the architectural and social redevelopment of the city and environmental enhancement through the redesign of the agricultural landscape with which it compares powerfully. So we could verify the possibility to establish here productive activities compatible with the environment, scientific research activities, cultural and recreational facilities for the city and the territory and housing functions, connected by extensive green areas organized as a large agricultural and technology park. Beside this mix of functions, this area preserves its original specificity of energy hub on a national scale, addressing towards renewable energy. The topic was considered with a multidisciplinary and inter-scalar approach, in relation to the issues of sustainable and eco-friendly development, the environmental remediation, the territorial and urban regeneration, up to face the problem of conversion and reuse of large industrial containers and some significant buildings. Particular attention was dedicated to the foreshadowing of spaces and architectural forms that may characterize this place, bringing it back to life and transforming this problematic area in a new resource for Fier

The paper is aimed at presenting some results regarding the causes of damage of a masonry church (Chiesa del Rosario) located in Finale Emilia, a town stricken by the May 2012 Emilia Romagna seismic event. The church exhibits a diffused state of damage on the façade (rocking along a horizontal hinge), lateral nave walls (shear), transect (shear and outof- plane bending) and bell tower (detachment at the connection of the tower to the church and subsequent rotation along a vertical axis). The approach adopted is multidisciplinary and it is conducted within a research project that involves the Technical Universities of Milan, the Technical University of Bari and the Italian Cultural and Architectural Heritage Ministry (MiBAC). The survey analyses conducted comprise a detailed geometric recover of the volumes and materials used, basing on post-seismic photogrammetric studies, historical research on existing documentation and repeated in situ investigation. Preliminary structural analyses are conducted in agreement with the Italian Code. In particular, full pushover analyses on a detailed FE discretization are performed, providing an estimate of failure seismic acceleration and automatically identifying the most critical parts of the church as well as the failure mechanism active, to compare with the 28 possible local collapse mechanisms provided by the Italian Guidelines on the built heritage.

Il gruppo di ricerca del DICAR sullo studio e valorizzazione dell'antico si articola in due sezioni tra lorocoordinate: A) Apergon: spazi e funzioni della città antica: il gruppo di ricerca, fortemente interdisciplinare, affronta lo studio delle emergenze architettoniche del mondo greco-romano, indagate secondo i principi di ricerca della Bauforschung. Lo studio delle strutture si inserisce in una complessa analisi storica, topografica, archeologica. B) Anastylosis: tutela e valorizzazione dell'antico: il gruppo di ricerca, fortemente interdisciplinare, anche sulla base dei risultati del gruppo A affronta il tema del progetto di restauro in ambito archeologico e del dialogo tra monumento antico e città moderna; la ricerca prende in esame anche il tema della corretta divulgazione scientifica attraverso la progettazione di spazi museali adeguati.

The devastating earthquake sequences of the 20-29th May 2012 in Emilia- Romagna, Italy, caused the full collapse of the masonry clock tower and the partial collapse of the masonry castle in Finale Emilia, one of the historical cities most stricken by the seismic event. The present technical note is aimed at presenting some results of a comprehensive and multidisciplinary analysis conducted by the authors at the Technical Universities of Milan and Bari in cooperation with the Italian Cultural and Architectural Heritage Ministry (MiBAC), within a wider research project aimed at the reconstruction of the structures, after a deep understanding of the causes at the base of the collapses occurred. The two main seismic events, occurred on May 20 and 29th, were characterized by the presence of low frequency ground motions, with relevant vertical components. Consequently, structures having natural periods greater than those typical of ordinary buildings -such as the ones analyzed- have been severely damaged. The analyses conducted comprise a detailed geometric recover of the volumes and materials used before the collapses, basing on post-seismic photogrammetric surveys, historical research on existing documentation and repeated in situ investigation. Despite the apparently good texture of the external masonry walls, in situ surveys have proven the particularly low tensile strength of the joints, an impressive deterioration of mortar as well as bed interlocking within external and internal layers

the FIRB program, "Future in Research 2012" by the Ministry of Education, is started a line of study that combines specific archeological studies and study from the morpho-typological point of view, for the excavation data. This studies are carried out by the Research Unit of the Polytechnic of Bari. this interesting experience was made possible on the basis of cognitive interventions and stratigraphic excavations that are taking place for many years on the site of Egnatia by the University of Bari Aldo Moro, and the spin-off Al.T.A.I.R. conduct by Professor Raffaella Cassano. The study of the archeological urban texture with the instruments of the analysis and interpretation of morphology and type is needed especially in the residential area of the city of Egnatia, excavated in the second decade of the twentieth century by the Superintendent Quirino Quagliati. Unfortunately, about these excavations, have been lost the documentations and the finds, not archived at the time and largely dispersed, are not useful for dating the emerging structures. The study of the Research Unit of the University of Bari goes to the interpretation of the urban form. The purpose of the study is to determine the changes that this portion of the city has suffered over the time and to understand the topographical condition and urban layout in the Roman age.

Gli scavi di Egnazia iniziano sotto la direzione del soprintendente Quagliati neli primi anni del Novecento [...] il DICAR ha avviato una campagna di rilievi e studi [...] riscontrando diversi segni di stratificazioni che consentono di comprendere come il tessuto urbano si sia sviluppato nel corso delle diverse epoche.

with the restoration works realized upon the Heritage building involved in the seismic event of the 2009 in Abruzzo, we need to focusing on the strengthening techniques, and the practice performed by administrations interested in working and rehabilitating the building but non on their conservation, and professionals too fast to step on the correct behavior on the heritage. In face to understand how the ancient building can continue his history respecting the limits of safety imposed for different uses, in Italy we chose in blind manner the destination and then the historic building have to be violated to respond to an unreasonable request. The good thing is that the seismic behavior of the heritage buildings is now re-entered in the university courses and researches, after a very long time in which it seems the only theme was about the conservation of surfaces and materials, quite there was not part of a building that is an organism, and his health could not be guaranteed without looking at him on his entireness.

Relazione del Progetto sviluppato nell’ambito del Programma di sostegno alla Cooperazione Regionale finanziato con Fondi dello Stato e delle Regioni italiane. Accordo di Programma Quadro Paesi della Sponda Sud del Mediterraneo - Linea di intervento 2.4 “Dialogo e Cultura” - Progetto Integrato Diarcheo | Sub-Progetto Siwa

La stagione del Regime ha lasciato nel centro storico e nella corona urbana di Lecce immediatamente a ridosso del circuito delle mura Cinquecentesche, una serie ravvicinata di edifici di grande qualità formale che caratterizzano una fortissima qualità urbana e definiscono per la città di Lecce una forte identità caratteristica. Va anche notato come lo stile del secondo decennio dell’epoca fascista, caratterizzato da una monumentalità virile e “romana” su tutto il territorio nazionale, abbia qui dovuto interpretare la convivenza con una città antica dal forte spirito architettonico dotata di materiali e di modalità costruttive proprie ed indissolubili dalla propria storia e dalla propria identità.

Il contributo analizza il valore storico monumentale del Cimitero di Parabita, inquadrandolo nella ricerca compositiva dello studio GRAU della fine degli anni Sessanta a tutto il decennio successivo. Le scelte fortemente simboliche e metafisiche sostanziate nell’opera ne fanno un emblema dell’architettura di quegli anni, ma contestualmente ne costituiscono criticità dal punto di vista della conservazione. Oggi, a trent’anni dall’ultimazione del cantiere il Monumento presenta una serie di problematiche di conservazione a cui è necessario dare una risposta rispettosa della funzionalità e dei criteri della conservazione, ma soprattutto del forte significato simbolico che quest’opera ha acquisito.

On the edge of the old city of Bari, after the spanish domination were created, instead of the medioeval walls, a row of monastery. Between them there was the Dominicans’ convent. In the nineteenth century, after the national unification, this one passed in the public property as police department. with great demolition and reconstruction (mostly on the side of the modern city). It was saved the baroque church of “San Domenico” that occupied the North-West corner of the complex, facing the old city on the sight of the castle fifteenth century entrance. The church is now lead by the Confraternity of the Blessed Virgin Mary of the Rosary and is now completely unapproachable from the near building, on the East and South side even if it was once its own monastery. The condition of rising groundwater of the historical center and some specific condition of the building led to an important state of decay on the west wall of the church that face on a very narrow street. Now the Confraternity decided to restore the church, the first part of the work (just concluded) have to be started from the most critical area: the external face of this wall. At the moment of the work the lower part of the facade was covered by a encrustation of concrete-plaster, and the most of the upper surface, in square blocks of tuff, was very deteriorated by black crust and joints filled in concrete mortar, over a very diffuse state of tartar, alveolization and erosion of the stone surface. The operation of restoration started with the research of the original condition, first trough the archive documentation, and immediately after on the monument itself. Unfortunately the large amount of work that the church has undergone erased many traces In this condition we tried to preserve all the surviving traces and rebuild the lost image of the church so all the phases of the work were conducted like in antiquity. The mortar was constitued in place in calck mixed whith grinded tuff and pozzolan to have the correct base for the further finishing intervention. We cared to the chromatic balance of the mortar within the tuff blocks because of their continuous variation, in order to preserve a material and chromatic homogeneity of the façade , even when, over the time, the protective layers will be disaggregated and missing. After this phase, different solutions have been proposed for a kind of bland-plaster (“scialbo”) more or less greasy in order to find the right balance between the issue of the protection of the materials and the preservation of the historical image of the church that in the popular sight have lost the plaster. In the opinion of the authors, in this case, it was possible to oppose the fashion of the "stone face view" dangerous for the conservation return for a finish that is testimony of his time, faithful in material and function

Abstract: L’architettura rappresenta se stessa: architetture residenziali a Roma. CAP 1: La rappresentazione grafica delle tessiture murarie sulle facciate dipinte medievali (Olinda Ferrieri Caputi): Le superfici architettoniche della città medievale, originariamente, dovevano presentarsi arricchite da pitture e graffiti di diverse tipologie: da composizioni di figure geometriche, a girali ed infiorescenze naturalistiche, a tessiture murarie di conci e bugne. Il testo analizza un campionario delle tessiture murarie e dei bugnati rappresentati attraverso l’affresco, ed il graffito sull’edilizia tre-quattrocentesca romana. Da un lato si pongono a confronto le tecniche edilizie realmente costitutive delle murature con la loro forma rappresentativa, dall’altro si propone un’analisi delle tipologie ricorrenti attraverso lo studio della forma rappresentativa, della sua riproducibilità tecnica e dell’equipartizione dello spazio bidimensionale della superficie architettonica attraverso l’iterazione del “monema” rappresentativo tassellato. CAP 2: la sintassi delle superfici architettoniche dal Rinascimento all’Ottocento: il colore ed i materiali (Giacomo Martines): La sintassi del partito tettonico tradizionalmente si fa discendere dal modello della capanna (e quindi del trilite) elementare laugeriano, iterato sulla superficie architettonica. Nell’arco del Rinascimento italiano, a partire dalla ricerca della “Maniera” nell’architettura residenziale, attraverso il palazzo michelozziano/brunelleschiano, per finire con il “Tipo” sangallesco, si definisce un “linguaggio” architettonico: si instaura un rapporto dialettico tra elementi dell’ordine e “fondo”, su piani sovrapposti, che, a seconda dei casi, maschera o si affianca ad un sistema di tessiture murarie che definisce invece gli elementi effettivamente costituenti il sistema portante. Tale lessico si ripercuote in tutto il Neorinascimento nelle architetture residenziali della penisola, a seguito dell’unificazione nazionale, divenendo di fatto un linguaggio regolamentato e tipizzato. Il testo vuole descrivere, attraverso opportuni esempi che coprano l’arco cronologico dal Rinascimento al Ottocento romano, come si articoli il rapporto tra strutture edilizie e lessico tettonico delle superfici sotto diversi registri: partiture di materiali (pietre, stucchi, intonaci, laterizi a faccia-vista) e variazioni cromatiche (con le varianti derivanti dalle diverse influenze regionali con differenti tradizioni tettoniche). Particolare attenzione va posta a quelle soluzioni di finte cortine e finti bugnati, in cui si evidenzia lo iato tra la funzione rappresentativa e quella strutturale degli elementi.

The article is part of a research conducted within the “Regional Cooperation Support Programme”- APQ Countries of the Mediterranean south shore – “The Exploitation of the Archaeological Patrimony as Vehicle for the Intercultural Dialogue – Line 2.4. Dialogue and Culture” – sub project: Siwa Oasis. The two historical centres of Siwa Oasis, Shali and Agurmi, have contributed to build a concept of anthropic landscape that represents one of the best examples of environmental sustainability and energetic self-sufficiency. The traditional urban model displays an excellent adaptation to the climatic conditions and the use of local materials with high environmental compatibility, occurring in massive construction in Karsheef/Hirir (masonry blocks of mud mixed with salt brine), in the dense urban form, in the very close streets, shaded by the presence of Mazallah (urban covered and shaded spaces that they use like piazzas). In the contemporary architecture of the Oasis, the use of new materials as concrete or Tobe (chalk block) implicates the loss of the old abandoned fabrics that can not survive without the continuous maintenance that the traditional technique of Karsheef/Hirir requires. The present study, focused on one of the expansion areas of Siwa (the Torar district), that still preserves traditional constructions, placed side by side to buildings in concrete and Tobe, wants to show that it is possible to find a correct equilibrium with the local economies, through the contribution of the historical and architectural research and the understanding of the economic, social and architectural-constructive logics. In the same perspective of sustainability, the paper will also analyze the creation of new energetic self-sufficiency living units as a result of the rehabilitation of the existing urban fabric in Karsheef/Hirir, combined with the introduction of new solar mirrors system in the courtyards.

The teaching of architecture in the faculties (mainly in Italy) suffers from many years of a severe mismatch between the training that is taught within the academy and the needs of skills required in the professional world. This is both in terms of updating of the academic disciplines to regulatory guidance and administrative proceedings, both in terms of adequacy to the formation of shipbuilding practice. It should be added that the specific teaching of Architectural Restoration have, for disciplinary nature, a strong focus on operational training and project, in view of the fact that the object of interest of the discipline is the existing building and how to cope with that . Learning, in this view, cannot be separated from direct contact with the restoration works. In my own teaching experience Workshop of Architectural Restoration 4th Year-12CFU have until now of fundamental importance the visits to the restoration sites that hosted us. From the A. 2012-13 has been activated an optional course located in the fifth year, with restricted access (10 students joined the course), with the specific theme on the detection of seismic damage, focusing on damage caused by the earthquake in May 2012 in the northern province of Modena and project of restoration and healing. The experience of the direct approach to the consolidation worksite led the students to a different awareness of the issue and, above all, a more immediate feedback on the operative meaning of the project activities. Is being proposed, starting from A. A. 2013-14 the practice of the worksite school, also used in the Laboratory of the 4th year, thanks to the availability of specialized companies working in conservation and of site owners willing to accept students. Obviously the first edge of the "teaching on site" is the small number of learners who can concurrently access the site; The second edge is related to the coordination of the timing of teaching and of the worksite that one hand does not allow you to dwell long on single jobs while, on the other hand the times of shipbuilding are often too large to allow learners to have a global view of the working. Finally, it is worth highlighting the need to provide students with specific training on behavior and safety on site.

Progetto sviluppato nell’ambito del Programma di sostegno alla Cooperazione Regionale finanziato con Fondi dello Stato e delle Regioni italiane - Accordo di Programma Quadro: Paesi della Sponda Sud del Mediterraneo - Linea di intervento 2.4 “Dialogo e Cultura” Progetto Integrato Diarcheo | Sub-Progetto Siwa Pubblicazione bilingue (italiano-inglese)

L'articolo presenta uno studio interpretativo della storia costruttiva che ha condotto alla facies attuale della Cattedrale di Gravina in Puglia. Attraverso lo studio della documentazione e delle tracce murarie visibili sul fabbricato (primo documento di se stesso) si ripropone una interpretazione della complessa serie di eventi della costruzione della chiesa, attraverso incendi, terremoti, invasioni, ma soprattutto attraverso la devozione delle riedificazioni dopo ogni evento.

Progetto sviluppato nell’ambito del Programma di sostegno alla Cooperazione Regionale finanziato con Fondi dello Stato e delle Regioni italiane - Accordo di Programma Quadro: Paesi della Sponda Sud del Mediterraneo - Linea di intervento 2.4 “Dialogo e Cultura” Progetto Integrato Diarcheo | Sub-Progetto Siwa Pubblicazione bilingue (italiano-inglese)

From the Academic Year 2013-14, in some of the degree workshop, the Bari Polytechnic starts to use a preliminary approach that involves all the teachings of the fifth year workshop. The main difference between the past is the introduction of the timetable that concerns all the year of work putting in evidence the interconnection between the different disciplines and the mutual dependencies. The secondary results, but not less important, is the immediate control of the responsibilities of each subprocess and the control of the delays in the way to develop in time the necessary program revisions.