The neuropathic origin of a case of unilateral burning mouth syndrome, previously diagnosed as psychogenic, was ascertained by intra-oral mucosa biopsy, which showed a severe sensory fibers damage, probably caused by maxillary anesthetic block and dental surgery.

The impact of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) on interferon b (IFNb) efficacy in MS patients is still an object of controversy. To evaluate the clinical response to IFNb during NAb-positive (NAb?) and NAb-negative (NAb-) statuses on a large population of relapsing remitting (RR) MS patients were followed up to 5 years. Sera from 567 RR MS patients treated with IFNb for 2–5 years were collected every 6–12 months and evaluated for NAb presence by a cytopathic effect assay. The relapse rate and expanded disability status scale (EDSS) score were assessed at baseline and every 6 months for each patient. A NAb? status was defined after two consecutive positive titers of NAbs[/= 20 neutralizing units (NU)/mL. Multivariate models were used to analyze the relapse rate, the time to first relapse, the time to confirmed EDSS score 4 during NAb? and NAb- statuses. A propensity score (PS) matching analysis was performed to assess the robustness of the multivariate models. Fourteen percent of patients became NAb? during the follow-up. A significant increase of the relapse rate (IRR = 1.38; p = 0.0247) and decrease of the time to 1st relapse (IRR = 1.51; p = 0.0111) were found during NAb? periods. The PS matching analysis, in a selected cohort of patients, demonstrated a negative trend of NAbs on the time to reach the milestone EDSS 4 (IRR = 2.94; p = 0.0879). This longterm post-marketing observational study further confirms that the occurrence of NAbs significantly affects the risk of disease worsening in IFNb- treated RRMS