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Mario Parise
Ruolo
Professore Associato
Organizzazione
Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro
Dipartimento
DIPARTIMENTO DI SCIENZE DELLA TERRA E GEOAMBIENTALI
Area Scientifica
AREA 04 - Scienze della Terra
Settore Scientifico Disciplinare
GEO/05 - Geologia Applicata
Settore ERC 1° livello
Non Disponibile
Settore ERC 2° livello
Non Disponibile
Settore ERC 3° livello
Non Disponibile
Wildfires affect large forested areas in many countries worldwide, producing damage and economic losses, both as direct effect of the fires and as consequent events, including erosion and sedimentation in the recently burned areas. In addition to destruction of the vegetation, and direct losses to the built-‐up environment, further effects may be registered as a consequence of the fire, even weeks or months after its occurrence. Wildfire can have, in fact, profound effects on the hydrologic response of watersheds, and debris-‐flow activity is among the most destructive consequences of these effects. The two primary processes that have been identified for the initiation of fire-‐related debris flows are i) erosion and entrainment of material by surface runoff, and ii) infiltration-‐triggered failure and mobilization of a discrete, shallow landslide mass. The first process is reported by far as the most frequent. Field evidence indicates that unlike landslide-‐triggered debris flows, those produced in recently burned catchments have no identifiable initiation source and can occur with little or no antecedent moisture. Runoff-‐initiated debris flows have been produced in response to storms that occur typically from a few months to three years after the fire, often in response to the first significant rainfall of the storm season. After a wildfire, and in consequence of the following rainstorms, rills typically develop on hillslopes, initiated as miniature soil slips, and involving a few mm-‐thin saturated layer of soil. The persistence of such features downslope, until producing a true debris flow, depends upon a series of factors, including slope steepness, presence of loose materials, and availability of stream flow water. Typically, a discreet landslide mass of significant size is lacking at the head of the flow, whilst erosion and entrainment of significant amounts of surgical material is observed within hollows and in low-‐order channels. It therefore seems that the main process acting consists of surface runoff from a rainfall event, eroding sediments from hillslope and channels until a position within the drainage network where sufficient material has been entrained, relative to runoff volume, for a debris flow to be generated. The present paper analyzes, with some examples, the generation of debris flows in burned catchments, aimed at describing the processes at the origin of these dangerous phenomena.
Human activities, including extensive land use practices such as deforestation and intensive cultivation, may severely affect the landscape, and have caused important changes to the extent of natural forests in the last century. Such changes had a strong influence on the frequency of occurrence of natural hazards, including landslides. Being one of the most significant factors conditioning slope movements, any variation in the land cover pattern may determine changes in the landslide distribution. The study area is the Rivo Basin, located in Molise (Southern Apennines of Italy), a region severely affected by landslides. We prepared multi-temporal land cover and landslide inventory maps, aimed at developing different susceptibility maps to evaluate the effect of land cover changes in the predisposition to landslides. Based on the observed land cover trends, we simulated future scenarios of land cover, in the attempt to assess potential future changes in the landslide distribution and susceptibility in the study area. By investigating the relationship between the spatial pattern and distribution of past change, and location factors (as elevation, slope, distance to settlements), we were able to calibrate a land cover change model to simulate the future scenarios. The obtained results give important information regarding both past trends of human impact on landslide occurrence, and expected future directions. These data could be useful to provide insights toward a better land management for the study site, as well as for similar landslide-prone environments in southern Italy, contributing to establish good practices for the mitigation of the landslide risk in the future.
Sinkholes are the main karst landforms characterizing the Salento Peninsula, which is the southernmost part of the Apulia region of southern Italy. They occur both as evolving recent phenomena and old or relict features testifying to ancient phases of karst processes acting in the area. Most of the sinkholes were formed by karst processes that may be reactivated, a risk to the anthropogenic structures nearby. To highlight such a subtle hazard, an area located a few kilometers from Lecce, the main town in Salento, was the subject of geological, morphological, and geophysical investigations. Historical analysis of multi-year aerial photographs, in particular, allowed identification of several phases in the recent evolution of a particular sinkhole, and demonstrated the need to carefully evaluate the likely evolution of similar features in Salento.
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Caratterizzato da una morfologia piatta ed omogenea interrotta solo da rialzi rocciosi isolati che raggiungono appena i 44 m. s.l.m., il territorio compreso tra la città di Lecce e la vicina costa adriatica conserva ancora alcune evidenze ipogee a testimonianza della straordinaria capacità produttiva di un’area rurale che è stata, per molti aspetti, di difficile gestione. Bassi affioramenti rocciosi discontinui ed estesi, ampie aree paludose e un sistema di collegamento incerto non hanno, nei secoli impedito alle comunità locali l’utilizzo delle risorse disponibili e la continuità insediativa nei borghi rurali, negli insediamenti isolati e in piccoli contesti rupestri. Il lavoro offre un contributo allo studio del fenomeno rupestre nel Tavoliere di Lecce, area che non presenta caratteristiche morfologiche particolarmente favorevoli allo sviluppo di articolati sistemi in rupe, ma che conserva ancora un patrimonio rupestre diffuso e spesso nascosto.
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