Abstract

Cereals represent the major staple food for many people at worldwide level.Among the diseases that affect these crops, the occurrence of Fusarium species isrelated to the highest risk for the consumers since many Fusarium can produce awide range of harmful mycotoxins that can be accumulated in the cereal kernels.In particular, Fusarium Head Blight of wheat and other minor cereals is caused by acomplex of species, each provided of specific mycotoxin profiles. Moreover, themain species can vary in the different geographic areas because they can beinfluenced from the changing environmental conditions. Therefore, a reliableidentification of the most occurring species is important for the correct evaluationof the potential toxicological risk of contaminated kernels. 320 samples of wheatand barley were collected in Austria (2011-2012), Germany (2012) and China(2013) and analyzed for the multi-mycotoxin by liquid chromatography-tandemmass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and related toxigenic fungi contamination. Amongthe Fusarium mycotoxins mainly detected in 100 wheat samples from China,enniatins (ENNs), deoxynivalenol (DON), its glucoside DON-3-glucoside (D3G), 3-acetyl- deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEN), nivalenol and, only in 6% ofsamples, fumonisins (FUMs) were identified, with a high number of other mycotoxinsoccurring at low concentrations detected. Also in Germany and Austria, the rangeof mycotoxins detected in wheat and barley was high, being beauvericin (BEA),ENNs, DON, D3G and ZEN the most detected mycotoxins. This wide contaminationby mycotoxins of the samples was also reflected in the wide variability of Fusariumspecies isolated and identified. Fungal strains were first identified based on theirmorphological features and therefore confirmed by sequencing calmodulin andelongation factor 1? genes. In wheat collected in China, F. graminearum sensustricto, F. verticillioides, and species of F. incarnatum/equiseti complex were themost frequently isolated. In Germany and Austria, in both barley and wheat, F.graminearum sensu stricto, F. poae, F. acuminatum and F. tricinctum were themost occurring species. Moreover, a population of strains phylogenetically equallydistant from F. acuminatum and F. tricinctum was also characterized from bothcrops, showing a high level of genetic diversity. However, more genetic analysesare needed to evaluate if this latest population is a new genetic entity to bedescribed within the genus Fusarium.

Autore Pugliese

• Susca Antonia , Moretti Antonio , Logrieco Antonio Francesco , Somma Stefania

Tutti gli autori

• Ghionna V.; Somma S.; Pastoressa A.; Susca A.; Logrieco A.F.;Berthiller F.; Sulyok M.; Naehrer K.; Moretti A.

Titolo volume/Rivista

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Anno di pubblicazione

2015

ISSN

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ISBN

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Numero di citazioni Wos

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Settori ERC

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Codici ASJC

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