The arrival of the era of computerization and the Internet has changed the way in which humans see the world, which has suddenly become accessible in a fast and easy way. This ease of access has meant that people are less attentive and often more irrational towards aspects of the protection of the personal data that are made available on the internet. Although people have become exhibitionist, this does not mean that all data should be accessible and subject to free treatment. This would be a step backwards compared to the evolution of the concept of privacy. The phenomenon of cloud computing, at first glance, seems to be a danger for the protection of the data that resides in the cloud which are outside direct control. In Italy, this new phenomenon causes a lot of scepticism and fear. The Italian legislation concerning the processing of personal data is relatively recent, given that the first law dates from 1996, while the regulatory code was introduced in 2003. From the point of view of constitutional law, the Italian system, in virtue of article 2 of the Constitution, provides extensive protection, which allows to one to amply adapt norms in the field of privacy protection to emerging needs.

A seguito del fenomenale sviluppo globale di Internet, da qualche anno in Italia ─ accanto ai corsi di informatica giuridica ─ si cominciano ad istituire anche le cattedre di «diritto pubblico dell’informatica». Il delicato rapporto tra governati e governati, oltre ad essere oggetto di ricerca, diventa anche oggetto di didattica. Il diritto pubblico dell’informatica, nell’attuale accademia, rappresenta uno dei temi più complessi ─ ma nello stesso tempo ─ anche più affascinanti del XXI secolo. Dal punto di vista scientifico, siffatta complessità, si può efficacemente spiegare ─ e paradossalmente anche semplificare ─ aumentando il focus dell’indagine. Non ha più molto senso ─ oggi ─ concentrare il l’attenzione solo su un singolo ordinamento (Polonia), quando il fenomeno analizzato (Internet) ha dimensioni globali e determina forti interconnessioni fra stati (Italia, USA e Cina). Di conseguenza, sono ormai in via di superamento quelle rigide barriere (soprattutto mentali) dei c.d. settori disciplinari che, pur restando importanti sotto il profilo amministrativo e didattico, non si possono più usare come le principali categorie ─ sempre mentali ─ di analisi della realtà in continuo divenire e cambiamento. Quanto detto non può scoraggiare il giurista che desideri affrontare con passione e rigore scientifico le problematiche poste dal diritto pubblico dell’informatica. Di fronte ad una massa virtuale di informazioni potenzialmente manipolate e/o manipolabili, è bene rammentare che l’unico punto affidabile di ancoraggio in materia rimane ─ mutatis mutandis ─ l’uso consapevole dell’intelletto (brain power). Nella sua attività di conferenziere, F. Ghioni ─ uno dei massimi esperti mondiali di sicurezza su Internet ─ afferma che è fondamentale ricordarsi che non c’è sistema giuridico o istituzionale che possa sostituirsi alle nostre facoltà cognitive ─ o meglio ancora ─ ad un cervello (umano) perfettamente funzionante. Solo un pensiero critico ed emotivamente distaccato è in grado di consentire a governati e governanti ─ oltre che agli studiosi ─ di orientarsi consapevolmente nell’impetuoso flusso informativo della rete globale in velocissima espansione.

Artykuł przedstawia problematykę prokreacji medycznej wspomaganej w świetle włoskiej ustawy nr 40 z 2004 r., realizująca ochronę embrionów ludzkich, czyniąc w ten sposób swoimi instancje Kościoła katolickiego. Autor stoi na słusznym stanowisku, że w ten sposób dano we Włoszech początek dyscyplinie prawnej związanej z prawem embrionów do należnej im ochrony. W tej części można również przeczytać o ochronie w Italii komórek macierzystych ( zakazie wykonywania eksperymentów z ich użyciem). Zatem powinna to być tematyka niezwykle istotna dla polskiego ustawodawcy. Bioetyka katolicka w ten sposób w dużej mierze określiła nowy statut prawny embriona, tak jak już prawnie uregulowany przez konwencje w Oviedo i włoską konstytucję. Słuszne zauważa, że skoro nauka pozwala nazywać go istota ludzka, to tym samym powstała nowa prawna dyscyplina mająca na celu ochronę godności i praw tego „nowego” podmiotu. Autor w przejrzysty sposób konstruuje nowy katalog nienaruszalnych praw embrionów, przyznając im prawo do życia (wskazując konkretne przepisy z ustawy nr 40 z 2004 r., które chroną życie embrionów ludzkich), prawo do zdrowia wraz enumeratywnym wyliczeniem artykułów je chroniących, prawo do nienaruszalności genetycznej, prawo do bycia „utrzymanym” przez własnych rodziców naturalnych (zakaz zapłodnienia typu heterologicznego), prawo do obrony zgodnie z art. 24 ust. 1 Konstytucji.

In the Internet age ─ as is happening in other areas ─ issues of public law are also approached with an interdisciplinary mentality in order to avoid research which is self-referential in character, with no relation to comparative law, information technology law, or international and commercial law, and divorced from contemporary history, sociology and interpersonal neurobiology (to name just a few subjects and / or related disciplines to the subject that we may call "information"). The present work shows that the new phenomena of information technology can be understood more effectively with scientific methodology more open to other forms of knowledge and to the events affecting the international community. In this paper, we highlight the so-called Internet revolution in the field of information in all areas. Consider, for example, the on-line encyclopaedia par excellence, Wikipedia. Already in 2005, the prestigious journal Nature had tested the credibility of the young Wikipedia, comparing it with several entries in the historic Encyclopaedia Britannica. On the site of CNET (where the research was published) it can be seen that, in 42 entries, only eight major errors were detected: half in the Wikipedia and half in the Encyclopaedia Britannica (“in the end, the journal found just eight serious errors, such as general misunderstandings of vital concepts, in the articles. Of those, four came from each site”), so that both sources appeared to be equally reliable. In 2009, nevertheless, the techno-digital revolution forced even the "paper" Encyclopaedia Britannica to launch its own “Wiki” version on the Internet, so as not to be obscured by Wikipedia. By the nature of this work, it is impossible to ensure conformity to the truth of a lot of the information, but at most the mere verisimilitude. Regarding facts relating to state secrets (Wikileaks, the Snowden case), wars (the Arab Spring, the War in Iraq) and terrorism (the Madrid bombings of 2004), it is highly unlikely that there are to be found anywhere on the web (nor in bookshops, libraries or even in the courtroom) sources able to confirm (or disprove) in a definitive manner the claims about the real events of war and intelligence. How does one prove that the documents put online by WikiLeaks are really the same as those held by the CIA or by a powerful banking group? How does one verify the information about Wars given (also) by so-called official sources, when these are systematically manipulated or censored by the propagandists of any government and / or information service?