Biliary papillomatosis is a disease characterized by multiple papillary tumours of variable distribution and extent in the intrahepatic and/or extrahepatic biliary tree. Papillary carcinoma can develop within these lesions. Because biliary papillomatosis is a rare biliary pathological entity, its clinical features and outcome are not well known. The course of this disease is very prolonged. This diagnostic difficulty is due above all to the problematic distinction between biliary papillomatosis and cholelithiasis. Therapeutic strategy should be decided pre-operatively among resection, transplantation or stent. In many cases surgical strategy is decided during surgery, considering the mass extension, the local infiltration and the patient's age, and, when possible, with the aid of extemporaneous histological examination. Recently we experienced a case of biliary papillomatosis of the common hepatic duct in a 82-year-old man, presented with obstructive jaundice and pain in the right upper quadrant and epigastrium radiated to the ipsilateral scapula. First we made cholecystectomy and we positioned the T-tube. The follow-ups performed with laboratory tests and T-tube cholangiogram showed no jaundice but the filling defect in the common bile duct was still present. So we performed a resection of the common bile duct and an hepatico-jejunostomy at the hepatic pedicle. The histological examination showed a villous adenoma of the common bile duct with high-grade dysplasia.

INTRODUCTION: Treatment of cholecysto-choledocholithiasis has been revisited from the standpoint of either endoscopic or laparoscopic mini invasive approach. A standard diagnostic-therapeutic procedure has not been unanimously defined. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Since 1997 to 2011 we have treated 924 patients: 555 gallbladder lithiasis, 276 acute biliary pancreatitis and 93 choledocholithiasis (without pancreatitis). We have compared, by the review of the literature, our results of two stage endoscopic stones removal followed by laparoscopic cholecystectomy versus one stage laparo-endoscopic rendez vous technique/VLC and laparoscopic approach alone. RESULTS: In our experience endoscopic removal of stones have been performed in 82 patients (88.17%); 11 patients (11.82%),not elegible for endoscopic approach, have been submitted to laparotomic therapy. In sum preoperative ERCP/ES with CBD cleaning followed by VLC, not with standing the valid results of laparoscopic approach alone remains the strategy more frequently applied in clinical practice, because the good results. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the treatment of CBD lithiasis of sequential laparo-endoscopic approach (two or one stage) and of laparoscopic approach alone are roughly overlappable. Therefore the first has remained the treatment of reference and comparison in all the clinical evaluation of different procedure.