Abstract

A model of the stomach and small intestine (TIM-1) has been developed and validated as a reproducible system to simulate the gastrointestinal tract of monogastric animals (pigs, pre-ruminant calves and dogs) and humans (babies and adults). Simulating predetermined physiological parameters, such as meal size, peristaltic movements, pH, gastric and intestinal secretions, gastrointestinal transit, and absorption of digested products and water, the model is suitable for studies on digestion and bioaccessibility of food compounds and is a good alternative to in vivo experiments. The TIM-1 system, set-up to simulate the in vivo conditions of the porcine gastrointestinal tract, was used to determine the bioaccessibility of the ingested mycotoxins from two multi-toxin contaminated diets and the efficacy of a carbon/aluminosilicate-based product in reducing mycotoxin bioaccessibility. Mycotoxin levels in the diets were 19.9 and 5.9 mg/kg of fumonisins B1 and B2 (FB1 and FB2), 5.6 mg/kg of deoxynivalenol (DON), 1.3 mg/kg of zearalenone (ZEA), 0.187 mg/kg of ochratoxin A (OTA), and 0.193 mg/kg of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Mycotoxins were absorbed from the small intestine at levels of 105% and 89% for FB1 and FB2, respectively, 87% for OTA, 74% for DON, 44% for AFB1, and 25% for ZEA. The absorption of mycotoxins occurred mainly from the middle part of the small intestine (jejunum) and less from the ileum. Samples collected at different time intervals showed that, with the exception of ZEA, maximum absorption of mycotoxins occurred in the first 2 h of digestion (0-2 h), was persistent for the following 2 h (2-4 h), and decreased during the later 2 h (4-6 h) of the experiment. ZEA was less and slowly absorbed in comparison to the other mycotoxins. These mycotoxin bioaccessibility data are similar to published in vivo data, showing the predictive quality of TIM-1. Supplementation of the diets with the commercial product significantly reduced the mycotoxin absorption in a dose-dependent manner, up to 88% for AFB1, 44% for ZEA, and 29% for the fumonisins and OTA. The product was ineffective in reducing DON uptake. The findings of this study can help to interpret the in vivo studies on toxicology and carcinogenicity of mycotoxins and show that the TIM-1 system is a rapid and physiologically relevant method to test the efficacy of mycotoxin binders.

Autore Pugliese

• Avantaggiato Giuseppina

Tutti gli autori

• G. Avantaggiato; R. Havenaar

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Anno di pubblicazione

2015

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