Abstract

Graphene is defined as a single atomic layer of sp2 bonded carbons in a honeycomb lattice. This emerging material posses peculiar properties such as high carrier mobility, optical transparency, flexibility and high chemical resistance that have stimulated a vast amount of research in several scientific fields. The widespread investigation of graphene properties begins since the first isolation of a graphene flakes by the well-known mechanical exfoliation method (demonstrated in 2004 by Novoselov et al). Whereas mechanical exfoliation of graphene allows the production of high quality graphene on the laboratory scale for characterization and fundamental studies, the graphene technology mainly relies on two other fabrication techniques: (i) the growth of epitaxial graphene (E-graphene) on SiC for substituting silicon in high value-added electronic devices (with operating speeds up to the terahertz range), and (ii) the growth of graphene on large area metal substrates by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) for applications as flexible conducting transparent electrodes for replacing ITO technology and developing new flexible electronics.Currently, the production of CVD- and E-graphene is characterized by a very high cost and a poor control of the graphene polycrystalline nature (grain sizes and orientations) and thickness (the growth of an uniform single- or bi-layer graphene is still challenging). These factors as well as the presence of structural defects and impurities (also deriving from the transfer process in the case of CVD-G) strongly affect the graphene transport properties. Additionally, the opening of an optical gap is fundamental for graphene applications in transistors, circuits and photonic devices.This contribution discusses the role of chemistry in addressing the graphene research challenges. Chemical routes for optimizing the growth of E-graphene and CVD-graphen in terms of quality (grain size, number of layer, presence of defects, etc.) and reproducibility are presented. These routes are based on the control of the graphene growth kinetics. Moreover, results on the covalent and non-covalent chemical functionalization of graphene for band-gap engineering, doping, creation of magnetism, and for anchoring organic molecules and metal nanoparticles.

Autore Pugliese

• Bianco Giuseppe Valerio , Losurdo Maria , Giangregorio Maria Michela

Tutti gli autori

• G.V. Bianco; M. Losurdo; M. M. Giangregorio; P. Capezzuto; G. Bruno

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Anno di pubblicazione

2013

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