The Hydroperoxide Lyase Branch of the Oxylipin Pathway and Green Leaf Volatiles in Plant/Insect Interaction

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Abstract

The lipoxygenase (LOX) catalysed peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) is a key starting point indefence mechanisms common to plant, animal and at least some microorganisms. In human, the peroxidation ofarachidonic acid finally leads to the biosynthesis of important defence effectors such as leukotrienes and lipoxins.In plant, the most common substrates of lipoxygenases are represented by linoleic (C18:2) and linolenic (C18:3)acids. Differently from auto-oxidation reactions which produce a huge number of hydroperoxide derivatives, theoxidation reaction catalysed by LOXs is positional and stereo-specific. Indeed, only 9- or 13-hydroperoxides (witha prevalence of the S steroisomers) are produced from these substrates. PUFA hydroperoxides are per se signalmolecules or can be used as substrates for a number of enzymatic reactions carried out by other enzymes of theLOX pathway. At the end, an array of volatile and non volatile compounds, collectively known as phyto-oxylipins areproduced upon specific stress signals, by the contribution of a multitude of enzymes localised in different subcellularcompartments. Thanks to the excellent work of several groups of scientists around the world, our knowledge on thecontribution of the oxylipin pathway on plant defence mechanisms dramatically increased in recent years.In the present contribution, we'll focus our attention on the hydroperoxide lyase branch of the plant oxylipinspathway, responsible for the synthesis of volatile aldehydes, alcohols and other related compounds which areimportant constituents of fruit aromas and the green leaf volatiles.

Autore Pugliese

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  • M. Taurino; S. De Domenico; S. Bonsegna; A. Santino

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Anno di pubblicazione

2013

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