Abstract

Huge advances there have been made since the first discovery of large sets of non-coding RNA transcripts as functional elements involved in the regulation of transcription and translation in which the FANTOM team performed the functional annotation of the mouse genome. John Mattick proposed that transcribed RNAs form a hidden layer of complexity amplifying the evolution potential of the genetic code, with fine-tuning role and tight control of transcripts and tissue specific regulation of transcription: microRNAs and small RNAs have been the paradigm of these functions. The binding of miRNA to its target mRNA results in inhibition of the translation of the target mRNA to a functional protein or degradation of target mRNAs.In addition, a complex network of competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs), acting as sponges, and able to sequester microRNAs or RNA binding proteins , interfering with the activity of miRNAs, have been described. Thanks to these findings, nowadays new databases have been set up, for long ncRNAs, ceRNAs, for tiny tRNA fragments originating small RNAs (tRFs) ; and various classes of transcribed RNAs .MicroRNAs recognise seed complementary sequences often based on the 3' UTRs of mRNAs. Therefore, single nucleotide polymorphisms in microRNA sequence or splice variants in mRNAs producing alternative 3' UTRs contribute to individual differences in the control of translation of specific transcripts. Combined analysis of protein-coding and small non-coding RNAs is crucial for a better understanding and more accurate prediction of the complex dynamics of post-transcriptional mRNA regulation. Alternative polyadenylation (APA) as well as single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) affect miRNA targeting of transcripts from different individuals and tissues.

Autore Pugliese

• Poltronieri Palmiro

Tutti gli autori

• P. Poltronieri

Titolo volume/Rivista

MicroRNA (Shariqah, United Arab Emirates)

Anno di pubblicazione

2016

ISSN

2211-5374

ISBN

Non Disponibile

Numero di citazioni Wos

Nessuna citazione

Ultimo Aggiornamento Citazioni

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Numero di citazioni Scopus

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Ultimo Aggiornamento Citazioni

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Settori ERC

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Codici ASJC

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