Abstract

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the major diseases of cereals mainly caused by phytopatogenic Fusarium species. Most of the Fusarium species associated with FHB, under favourable environmental conditions, can produce various toxic secondary metabolites (mycotoxins) that can contaminate grains. Mycotoxin contamination of crops may cause economic losses at all levels of food and feed production, therefore, mycotoxin prevention and control is a global concern and contaminated commodities impair trade and threaten consumer safety. Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a type B trichothecene mycotoxin mainly produced by F. graminearum and F. culmorum and is a common natural contaminant of wheat. T-2 and HT-2 toxins are type A trichothecenes mainly produced by F. sporotrichiodes, F. langsethiae and F. poae that, in favorable environmental conditions, may grow on a variety of cereals, including wheat, oats, barley and maize. Analytical methods for the determination of DON, T-2 and HT-2 toxins in cereals are commonly based on chromatographic techniques. Although these analytical methods permit sensitive and accurate determination of the toxins, they require a preliminary extract clean-up and are time-consuming, expensive, and unsuitable for screening purposes. The aim of this study, carried out within the AGER project "From Seed to Pasta", was to develop rapid and reliable methods for the determination of DON, T-2 and HT-2 toxins in durum wheat.Fourier-Transform-Near Infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy has been used to develop quantitative and classification models for DON prediction in durum wheat samples in the range of <50-16000 ?g/kg. Partial least-squares (PLS) regression analysis displayed a large root mean square error of prediction value (1977 ?g/kg) as compared to the EU maximum limit for DON in unprocessed durum wheat, thus making the PLS approach unsuitable for quantitative predictionof DON in durum wheat. On the other hand, Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) was successfully used to classify contaminated wheat samples based on their DON content with an overall classification and false compliant rates of 90% and 5%, respectively, when a cut-off of 1400 ?g/kg was used. This result fulfils the requirement of the European official guidelines for screening methods, and confirms the suitability of FT-NIR to screen a large number of wheat samples for DON contamination.A rapid fluorescence polarization (FP) immunoassay has been developed for the simultaneous determination of T-2 and HT-2 toxins in naturally contaminated wheat samples. A limit of detection of 8 ?g/kg for the combined toxins was determined.Analytical performances in terms of accuracy (96%) and precision (8%) values of FP immunoassay fulfill the EU criteria established for acceptance of an analytical method for the determination of T-2 and HT-2 toxins. Comparative analyses of 45 naturally contaminated and spiked durum wheat samples by both the FP immunoassay and high-performance liquid chro

Autore Pugliese

• Pascale Michelangelo

Tutti gli autori

• Pascale M.

Titolo volume/Rivista

Annali

Anno di pubblicazione

2015

ISSN

0001-4443

ISBN

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