Abstract

Pollutant emissions from ships and harbour activities constitute an important source of pollution of coastalareas with potential influences on the climate and the health of their inhabitants. A recent review (Viana etal., 2014) shows that these emissions could have an important impact on the Mediterranean and that there is alack of data for the Eastern and South-Eastern part of this area. This work presents an analysis of the impactof ship emissions to atmospheric particle concentrations (PM) in four important port-cities (Patras Greece,Brindisi and Venice Italy, and Rijeka Croatia) of the Adriatic/Ionian area. The study was performed within thePOSEIDON project (Pollution monitoring of ship emissions: an integrated approach for harbours of the Adriaticbasin, funded within the MED Programme 2007-2013). The study uses an integrated approach using emissioninventories, dispersion modelling and measurements taken at high temporal resolution (1 min) and low temporalresolution for chemical characterization of PM. The emission inventories of the four port-cities show that shipscontribute between 11.7% and 31.0% of the total PM emissions being a source locally comparable with roadtraffic (ranging between 11.8% and 26.6%). The source apportionment using the receptor model PMF showed anoil combustion source (that includes ship emissions), characterized by V and Ni, in Brindisi, Venice and Rijekawith V/Ni ratio ranging between 1.4 and 4.2 indicating local differences in chemical profiles of the emissions.The V concentrations were used to evaluate the contributions of primary ship emissions to PM (Agrawal etal., 2009) that resulted between 1.3% and 2.8%. The contribution to secondary sulphate was 11% of PM2.5 inBrindisi (Cesari et al., 2014). The analysis of high-temporal resolution measurements taken near the harbourareas of Venice, Patras and Brindisi showed a contribution of ship emissions to PM2.5 varying between 3.5%and 7.4%. The relative contribution to particle number concentrations (PNC) was larger at all sites (between6% and 26%). This demonstrates that ship particulate emissions include mainly small and ultrafine particles.The trend of the impact of passenger ships primary emissions to PM2.5 concentrations in Venice between2007 and 2012 showed a decrease from 7% (1%) to 3.5% (1%) even if the gross tonnage of ship trafficincreased in the same period by 47% (Contini et al., 2015). This was a consequence of the use of low-sulphurcontent fuels due to the application of local mitigation strategies and of the European Directive 2005/33/EC.The WRF-CAMx modeling system was applied over the Central and Eastern Mediterranean so as to identifythe air quality impact of ship emissions. The zero-out modelling method was implemented involving modelsimulations performed while including and omitting the ship emissions. The results for both gaseous and particulatepollutant concentrations generally show a fairly

Autore Pugliese

• Donateo Antonio , Cesari Daniela , Contini Daniele

Tutti gli autori

• D. Contini ; A. Gambaro ; A. Argiriou ; A. Alebic-Juretic ; E. Barbaro ;D. Cesari ; S. Dimopoulos ; A. Dinoi ; A. Donateo ; E. Gregoris ;A. Karagiannidis ; T. Ivosevic ; N. Liora ; D. Melas ; E. Merico ;B. Mifka ; I. Orlic ; A. Poupkou ; K. Sarovic

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Anno di pubblicazione

2015

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