EFFECT OF PYRACLOSTROBIN ON TOMATO CROP UNDER SALINITY STRESS

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Abstract

Tomato for processing is a very widespread crop in the Mediterranean area whereoften there are problems of high salinity of irrigation water. It's well known that thehigh salinity creates physiological problems with considerable negative effects onproduction.Pyraclostrobin belongs to a class of fungicide (strobilurins) having a broad spectrumof applications, with preventive, curative, translaminar and locosystemic properties.In the literature it is reported that strobilurins can affect the plant metabolismresulting in the increase of yield, dry matter, content of both chlorophyll and proteinand delay senescence. In addition, it was observed plant water balance modificationby reducing root water uptake, resulting in the postponement of soil dehydration,so it may contribute to yield enhancement. Because many effects of salt stress arecomparable to water stress, we may speculate that Pyraclostrobin could alleviatedetrimental effects of salinity on plants.This study focused on the interactive effect of salinity and Pyraclostrobin applicationon tomato grown in pots under plastic tunnel. The objective was to investigatethe complementary properties of Pyraclostrobin in the improvement of tomatophysiological (SPAD, gas exchange, activity of antioxidative enzymes as SOD, CAT,POD, APX), yield and fruit quality responses under salinity.A two-year research (2010 and 2011) was carried out in Basilicata region, southernItaly, on cv Coronel to compare two soil salinity levels - 1.0 (S0) and 5.4 dS m-1 (S1)- and two fungicide treatments - application of fungicides without strobilurins (F0);application of a strobilurin based fungicide (Cabrio® Duo) (F1). The treatments werearranged in a split plot design with seven replicates.On overall, when plants are treated with Pyraclostrobin, a considerable increase inPOD, APX and CAT activity occurred, whereas no significant changes were observedin SOD. Different extent of changes in enzyme activity was observed in the two partsof the plant: POD increased only in roots, APX in roots as well as in leaves, and CATonly in leaves. In some sampling date, the increase in antioxidant enzyme activitieswas higher in saline stressed plants.The amount of chlorophyll, measured in SPAD units, did not differed between salinitylevels, instead, F1 showed the increase of about 6%. Gas exchanges were influencedby salinity level and fungicide treatments. In particular, S1 has shown values of net assimilation (A), transpiration (T) and stomatal conductance (gs) respectively of about 17, 26 and 22% lower than S0, while the water use efficiency (WUE) was not influenced. Pyraclostrobin reduced A and T by about 8%, and gs by about 17%.Salinity reduced fruit mean weight by 19%, total and marketable yield by 25 and 21%, respectively, and increased fruit blossom-end rot (BER) by 57%. Among the qualitative parameters, salinity caused the increase of total soluble solids (TSS) and dry mat

Autore Pugliese

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  • V. Cantore; L. Sergio; D. Di Venere; M.I. Schiattone; F. Boari

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Anno di pubblicazione

2015

ISSN

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ISBN

2-85352-549-X

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