Abstract

Dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), found in nature in several plants belonging to Alliaceae and Brassicaceae families, is able to control soilborne pathogens, weeds and phytoparasitic nematodes. To verify its efficacy three field trials were carried out on carrot in Abruzzo, Apulia and Lazio regions (Italy) (trials A, B and C, respectively) against the carrot cyst nematode Heterodera carotae. The soil was subdivided in plots 50 x 4.8 m for shank application with machines. Each plot was subdivided in 5 sub-plots to provide replications for each treatment. In trials A and B treatments were: i, ii and iii, DMDS as shank formulation (Accolade 99.1%) at the rates of 180, 280 and 380 L/ha. In the trial C treatments were DMDS at rates of 280 and 470 L/ha. In all trials 1,3 D (Telone 97) at 140 L/ha was used as standard with untreated as controls. DMDS was applied three weeks before sowing in a wet soil (70% of the water holding capacity, soil T > 20 °C). Fumigated plots were covered with plastic films virtually impermeable (VIF) for 2 weeks. One week later soil aeration, carrot seeds were sown in each plot. Soil samples were collected before and after treatments and at the carrot harvest. Cysts were extracted by the Fenwick can and their number/100 g dried soil and number of eggs and juveniles inside cysts determined. In the trial B, after fumigations, the extracted cysts from soil of all plots were subjected to an hatching test to verify the vitality of the eggs inside the treated or untreated cysts. At the harvest the weights of marketable and unmarketable carrots were recorded. After treatments and at the harvest no significant differences were evident among treatments including the untreated controls in the number of cysts/100 g dried soil. However, from the hatching tests resulted that the number of viable eggs in the untreated cysts was significantly higher (35%) than those in the different treatments (0.01 - 0.36%). Marketable carrot yield in all treatments and trials was significantly higher than those in the untreated controls. In the trials A and C no significant difference was evident among the DMDS tested rates also compared with 1.3 D, whereas in the trial B the significant highest marketable carrot yield was observed in the highest DMDS rate (380 L/ha). Finally, from our data, DMDS can be considered a very effective fumigant to control carrot cyst nematode.

Autore Pugliese

• Sasanelli Nicola

Tutti gli autori

• Sasanelli N.; Dongiovanni C.; Di Silvestro D.; D'Ascenzo D.; Di Carolo M.; Chiannella M.; Santori A.; Myrta A.

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Anno di pubblicazione

2015

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