Abstract

It is well known that mycotoxin producing moulds may contaminate numerous agricultural commodities either before harvest or during storage. Various foods may therefore be contaminated with a range of mycotoxins. Consequently, consumers are generally exposed to more than one mycotoxin at the same time. The aim of our studies was to determine the possible associations between mycotoxin exposure and diet as well as concurrent exposure to mycotoxins in randomly selected Swedish adults, aged 18-80 years. The participants took part in the Swedish national dietary survey "Riksmaten 2010-11" and urinary samples were collected on average 19 days after the 4-day web-based diet record. In the first study, total urinary deoxynivalenol (DON), i.e. free DON and the DON-glucuronide, was measured using immunoaffinity enrichment and LCMS quantification. In the second study, concurrent mycotoxin exposure was analysed using a multi-biomarker LC-MS/MS method. The first study showed that exposure of DON among the adult population was very common (>90%) with levels ranging from non-detectable (nd) to 65.8 ng DON/ml urine and a median level of 2.9 ng/ml. Furthermore, urinary DON (ng/mg creatinine) was associated with the intake (gram/day) of total cereal grain as well as with whole grain. DON was also significantly associated with breakfast cereals and porridge (p<0.05). Estimated intakes in this study ranged between 2.5 and 5443 ng/kg bw. In total 1% of the individuals had estimated intakes above the TDI whereas the mean and median intakes of 159 and 84 ng DON/kg bw respectively were considerably below the recommended TDI of 1000 ng/kg bw. To further explore the mycotoxin exposure among the Swedish population, the multi-biomarker assay was used including aflatoxin M1, DON, de-epoxy-deoxynivalenol (DOM-1), fumonisin B1 and B2, nivalenol, ochratoxin A, zearalenone, and ?- and ?-zearalenol. The purpose of the second study was to examine the extent of mycotoxin exposure and possible patterns of concurrent exposures. By utilizing consumption data from "Riksmaten 2010-11", we linked food patterns with the number of mycotoxins found in the urinary samples. Results revealed that concurrent exposure to more than one toxin was found in 69% of the study population. The most common combinations were DON+OTA and ZEA+FB2 which were found in 54 (21%) and 39 (15%) samples, respectively. Among the 67 samples (27%) with 3 different detectable mycotoxins DON and OTA and an additional toxin was found in 51 samples (76% of samples containing 3 mycotoxins). The most common combination was DON+OTA+NIV which was found in 38 samples (57% of samples containing 3 mycotoxins).However, when comparing the number of toxins detected with the reported diet data it was difficult to distinguish food patterns which would indicate an increased risk of being exposed to many mycotoxins simultaneously.

Autore Pugliese

• Gambacorta Lucia , Solfrizzo Michele

Tutti gli autori

• Olsen M.; Hardie L.J.; Solfrizzo M.; Kotova N.; Warensjö Lemming E.; Turner P.C.; Gambacorta L.; Wallin S.

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Anno di pubblicazione

2015

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