Abstract

The efficacies of a new promising control agent Aphanocladium album isolate MX-95 (patent N° 0001374382 of the University "A. Moro" of Bari) and quebracho tannins were tested in an open field trial on egglaplant (cv. Black Beauty) in the control of combined attacks of Verticillium dahliae and Meloidogyne incognita. A soil at Valenzano (province of Bari, Apulia region) naturally infested by the soil borne plant pathogen and the root-knot nematode was deeply ploughed, rotavated and subdivided in 3 x 4 m plots spaced 0.5 m each other and distributed in a randomized block design with three replicates/treatment. Treatments were: a) A. album isolate MX-95 (8 l/plot; 1.5 x 107 CFU/ml); b) quebracho tannins (400 Kg/ha); c) Azoxystrobin (20 l/ha, fungicide) + Fosthiazate (30 Kg/ha, nematicide) and d) an untreated control. The isolate MX-95 of A. album was applied in pre and post-transplant (14 days and 10 days, respectively). Tannins and chemicals were applied at transplant. Treatments a) and b) were applied by injector in localised form to the base of each plant. During the growing season the crop received the cultural practices that are common for the area. Fruits were harvested (six times) during crop cycle and main yield parameters such as fruit growth in order to verify ripening kinetics, fruit weight, fruit number/plant and marketable yield were assessed. At the end of the experimental trial, plants from the central row in each plot were uprooted to estimate root gall index caused by the nematode attack according to a 0-5 scale (0 = health root system and 5 = root system completely deformed by numerous and large galls). Severity of Verticillium wilt was assessed according to a 0-5 scale (0 = health plant; 1 = yellowing of the basal leaves; 2 = widespread yellowing; 3 = wilting; 4 = widespread wilting and 5 = death plant). Stem of each plant was transversely cut 3 cm above the soil level and the severity of vascular discoloration (% area affect) (VD) was recorded according a 0-4 scale (0= no vascular discoloration; 1 = 1-10% VD; 2 = 11-50% VD; 3 = 51-75% VD and 4 = 76-100% VD). Nematodes of each plot were extracted from soil samples processing 500 mL soil sub-sample with the Coolen's method. Data were statistically analysed and means compared by Duncan's Multiple Range Test. All treatments had a positive influence on the yield parameters and significantly increased marketable yield in comparison to the untreated control. No statistical difference was evident among the three considered treatments (Table 1). The severity of wilting and symptoms of vascular discoloration were also significantly reduced on plants of treated plots in comparison to the untreated control. A. album isolate MX-95 and quebracho tannins were effective to reduce root gall index and final nematode population density in comparison to the untreated control (P = 0.05) (Table 1).Results demonstrate that the use of the chitynolitic fungus A. album isolate MX-95 and quebracho t

Autore Pugliese

• Sasanelli Nicola

Tutti gli autori

• CICCARESE A.; POIRAS N.; GALLO M.; SASANELLI N.; TODERAS I.; POIRAS L.

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Anno di pubblicazione

2014

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